purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will then generate hydrobromic acid‚ an important product in the reaction mixture
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Process Description Acetaldehyde is produced via dehydrogenation of Ethanol. The reaction is as below: CH3CH2OH CH3CHO + H2 ‚ ΔH = +82.5 kJ/mol Besides the main reaction producing Acetaldehyde‚ there are three side reactions present in the reactor‚ as shown below: 2 CH3CH2OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2 2 CH3CH2OH CH3(CH2)3OH + H2O CH3CH2OH + H2O CH3COOH + H2O The feed of 90% Ethanol is kept in a storage tank with an air vent. Tank blanketing is used in the storage tank with Nitrogen gas. This
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used in this experiment) to yield the resultant alkyl halides and water. The insolubility of the alkyl halide in water allows the separation of it from the aqueous layer using a separatory funnel. The alkyl halide‚ then‚ were purified by a simple distillation apparatus using boiling point differences between the pure tert-butyl chloride and not. In this experiment‚ tert-butyl chloride is synthesized from tert-butyl alcohol. Introduction Alkyl Halides (also known as halogenoalkanes or haloalkanes)
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Investigatory Projects Pinus insularis cones and Salix babylonica as Active ingredients in a Mosquito Repellant Abstract. Mosquitoes have pestered land and vertebrates for millions of years. Commercial insecticides available today‚ however‚ are not environment-friendly and may be expensive. This Study aimed to develop an environment-friendly‚ safe‚ effective‚ and cheap mosquito repellant. Pinus insularis (pine cones) and Salix babylonica (weeping willow) leaves were gathered from different
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traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon where dust‚ smoke and other dry particles obscure the clarity of the sky. The World Meteorological Organization manual of codes includes a classification of horizontal obscuration into categories of fog‚ ice fog‚ steam fog‚mist‚ haze‚ smoke‚ volcanic ash‚ dust‚ sand and snow.[1] Sources for haze particles include farming (ploughing in dry weather)‚ traffic‚ industry‚ and wildfires. Seen from afar (e.g. approaching airplane) and depending upon the direction of view
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POINT (SELF‚ FORCED) VISCOSITY POUR POINT SULFUR ASH Refinery process Distillation GASEOUS FUEL PROPERTIES HEATING VALUE COMPOSITION DENSITY BASIS OF ANALYSIS AS RECEIVED Ultimate C +H +O +N +S +A +M =100 Proximate VM +FC +M +A = 100 AIR DRY [100C/(100-Ma)] DRY ASH FREE [100C/(100-M-A)] HEATING VALUE HIGHER HEATING VALUE (GROSS) LOWER HEATING VALUE (NET) LHV = HHV – LH of steam (9H/100+M/100) II-1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Combustion C + O2 = CO2 +
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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Available ONLINE www.vsrdjournals.com VSRD-MAP‚ Vol. 2 (5)‚ 2012‚ 166-173 Distillation of Water by Solar Energy 1Anirudh Biswas* and 2Ruby RESEARCH ARTICLE RESEARCH ARTICLE ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly any source‚ a system that is relatively cheap‚ portable‚ and depends only on renewable solar energy. From the results of project calculations a truthful estimate was made to prototype the most effective geometries
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Gas Chromatography: Purifying alcohol Introduction The goal of this lab is to understand the principles of chromatography by purifying alcohol using fractional distillation. Running standards with gas chromatography we were able to see and calibrate our data to find not only how much ethanol our alcohol attained but also what a mixed unknown sample contained. Chromatography is a way of being able to separate substances in solution that can help not only identify the analytes (the studied
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C hapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE How do we judge whether milk‚ ghee‚ butter‚ salt‚ spices‚ mineral water or juice that we buy from the market are pure? physical process of evaporation. However‚ sodium chloride is itself a substance and cannot be separated by physical process into its chemical constituents. Similarly‚ sugar is a substance because it contains only one kind of pure matter and its composition is the same throughout. Soft drink and soil are not single substances. Whatever the source
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