Life Span Perspective Paper Charles R. Harmon Jr. PSY 375 November 26‚ 2012 Melissa Fagan Life Span Perspective Paper This is an informative paper to illustrate what I have learned thus far about human development. Throughout the course of this paper I shall explain the life span perspective of human development‚ summarize two theories of life-span development‚ and explain how nature and nurture account for difference in individual development. The Life Span Perspective The life-span perspective
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psychologists use this in different ways. The behavioural theory is based on two main factors being biological drives such as primitive needs and sex drive and what is learnt. The three main principles in the behavioural theory are Stimuli‚ response and conditioning. Behaviour is believed to be a conditioned response to an environmental stimulus. Individuals are obliged to react to stimuli using their senses such as seeing and hearing. There are short lived unlearned behaviours such as suckling and unlearned
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/measurable behaviors.-adoption of experimental method to study behaviors. BASIC PREMISE of behaviorism-personality shaped by experience. Result of conditioned stimulus & reinforced behaviors Classical Conditioning- associate 2 stimuli & response (little Albert) Operant conditioning- associate behavior & consequence. behaviors rewarded increased; behaviors punished decrease. behavior operates to produce consequence. Any response that increases a behavior. Reinforcement A. Primary-
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Behaviourist approach to development suggests that children learn through conditioning; new behaviours are learnt from past experiences and that all learning is influenced by rewards and punishments. Pavlov and Watson researched classical conditioning and found there was a link to rewards‚ punishments and behaviour. This research has enabled professionals to understand children’s phobias and obsessive compulsive disorders. Operant conditioning focuses on exploring the environment and learning the consequences
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punishments is used to reinforce desired behaviour or extinguish unwanted behaviour. Any behaviour that emerges a consequence is called operant behaviour‚ because the individual operates on his or her environment. Reinforcement theory concentrates on the relationship between the operant behaviour and the associated consequences‚ and is sometimes referred to as operant conditioning where behaviour is controlled by manipulating the
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The study of behaviourism‚ as Watson outlined was the idea: of only focusing on physical behaviour Watson’s study was first developed by Pavlov called classical conditioning: Pavlov found that dogs salivate when they see food and attempted to provoke salivation with an alternative stimulus. To achieve this Pavlov sounded a bell whenever food was presented. Later the bell became a trigger for the dog and even if there were no food present the dog would still salivate. Pavlov found that for the associations
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Original stimulus that elicits the desired response before the conditioning process begins. Conditioned Stimulus (CS): New stimulus‚ in a conditioning process‚ that was originally ineffective in eliciting a given response but has become capable of doing so. Conditioned Response (CR): New or acquired response elicited by a stimulus not originally has become capable of doing so. Classical Conditioning: Repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus‚ which originally elicited a given
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This model is composed of two parts‚ classical conditioning and operant conditioning‚ and behaviorists believes all types of abnormal fear are learned through conditioning. In classical conditioning‚ the subject learned to associates neutral stimuli with an unconditioned stimuli‚ so the presence of only neutral stimuli would have elicit a response due to association. In operant conditioning‚ an individual learned to associates between a distinct behavior and a particular
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Theorists believe learning experiences as the development of our personality. During these developmental years the environment has the greatest influence on the personality. This influence is reinforced by positive or negative rewards. Classic conditioning explains many behavioral reaction patterns. When a person receives positive reinforcement of a behavior (reward)‚ they develop this behavior as part of their own. A person will continue to perform a certain action because of the reward at the
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com/blog/flourish/201002/if-you-think-you-can-t-think-again-the-sway-self-efficacy Mosby‚ Inc. (2008). Mosby’s dictionary of medicine‚ nursing & health professions (8th ed.). St. Louis‚ MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/operant+conditioning Mosby‚ Inc. (2008). Mosby’s dictionary of medicine‚ nursing & health professions (8th ed.). St. Louis‚ MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Social+learning+theory Tobak‚ S. (2011‚ May 11). Think
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