Chapter 2 Terms Matter - anything that takes up space and has mass. Element - substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. Compound - substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Essential Element - the 20-25% of the 92 natural elements an organism needs to live a health life and reproduce. Trace Elements - required by an organism only minute quantities. Atom - the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties
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CO2(g) + H2O(l) NOTE: Use the solubility rules to decide whether a product of an ionic reaction is insoluble in water and will thus form a precipitate. If a compound is soluble in water then it should be shown as being in aqueous solution‚ or left as separate ions. It is‚ in fact‚ often more desirable to show only those ions that are actually taking part in the actual reaction. Equations of this type are called net ionic equations. Combustion of Hydrocarbons: Another important type of reaction‚ in
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molecules. These molecules are too small to see‚ but you can taste them. While table sugar is made up of sucrose molecules (remember covalent compounds from chemistry?)‚ table salt (sodium chloride) is a very different kind of chemical compound‚ an ionic compound. It is made up of two smaller particles‚ a sodium ion and a chlorine ion. Sodium chloride can be made in the laboratory (don’t try this at home!) by
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Linus Pauling is said to be one of the most significant scientists to have ever lived. Given Pauling’s wide array of accomplishments‚ ranging from winning the nobel peace prize to solving complex atomic structures‚ it is easy to see why he has earned the respect of so many in the scientific community. Pauling was born on February 28‚ 1901 in Portland‚ Oregon. Even as a young boy he took interest in science; a friend introduced him to a toy chemistry set‚ and instantly young Linus was hooked and began
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caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges‚ either between electrons and nuclei‚ or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" such as covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" such as dipole–dipole interactions‚ the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding. Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force‚ the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the
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Braziller‚ Inc. New York. pp 64. Vitruvius. M‚ 2009‚ „The Origins of the Three Orders‚ and the Proportion of the Corinthian Capital‟‚ in Schofield. R (trans.)‚ Vitruvius On Architecture‚ Penguin Classics‚ London Classical Styles of Columns - Doric‚ Ionic‚ and Corinthian Architecture‚ n Anon. 2008 "Vitruvius Pollio." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography‚ viewed 29/03/ 2012 < http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830904942.html?> Harbourson Robertson. D. S‚ 1943‚ Greek and Roman architecture‚ second
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the precipitate (if any) that forms when the following solutions are mixed‚ and write a balanced equation for each reaction a. NaCH3COO and HCl b. KOH and Cu(NO3)2 c. Na2S and CdSO4 9. Write balanced molecular equations‚ complete ionic equations and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions. All reactants are aqueous. Determine whether the products are aqueous or precipitates. a. Hydrochloric acid ‚ HCl‚ reacts with silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ to produce
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THE s-BLOCK ELEMENTS 291 UNIT 10 THE s -BLOCK ELEMENTS The first element of alkali and alkaline earth metals differs in many respects from the other members of the group After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • describe the general characteristics of the alkali metals and their compounds; • explain the general characteristics of the alkaline earth metals and their compounds; • describe the manufacture‚ properties and uses of industrially important sodium and calcium
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ELECTRONEGATIVITY This page explains what electronegativity is‚ and how and why it varies around the Periodic Table. It looks at the way that electronegativity differences affect bond type and explains what is meant by polar bonds and polar molecules. If you are interested in electronegativity in an organic chemistry context‚ you will find a link at the bottom of this page. What is electronegativity Definition Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair
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IB Chemistry Summary- By Paul Li & Silvia Riggioni TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Atomic Theory................................................................................................................................................................ 3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum.............................................
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