Chemistry All about matter There are three different stages of matter: Solid‚ Liquid and Gas Solid (s): Have a certain volume and shape. “Particles” are arranged in a specific crystalline patter and they only vibrate around fixed positions. Liquid (l): Have a fixed volume‚ but not shape. The particles have some freedom and can move around each other. They collide often. Gas (g): Doesn’t have a fix volume or shape. (Takes up the space where it is) Particles move freely in all space available
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Chemistry Exam Review Matter and Chemical Bonding Significant Digits All non zero integers are significant ~ 456cm All zeros to the left of the first non zero digit are not significant~ 0.005kg All zeros between non zero digits are significant~ 207.08 km All zeros at the end of a number that has a decimal point are significant ~ 34.070 mg Density Density is a physical property of matter‚ as each element and compound has a unique density associated with it. Density defined in a qualitative
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determining the ratio of elements within ionic compounds where the structure is of a non-directional nature of bonding where any ion at any time could be surrounded by 4‚ 6‚ or 8 oppositely charged ions. This creates a pattern of endlessly repeating lattice of ions they do not exist as a free unit of atoms but in crystal lattices with repeating ions in specific ratios which is why empirical formula is used as a form of identification for defining an ionic-bonded substance. Calculating
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Distinguish between ionic bonds‚ covalent bonds (how are nonpolar and polar covalent bonds different)‚ and hydrogen bonds‚ noting their relative strengths and in what types of molecules they might be found. Give an example of each in a biological system. Covalent bonds are bonds that involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. This type of bond is usually only between two nonmetal elements. Covalent bonds are strong bonds compared to other bonds‚ except ionic
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measurement‚ acid-base titration‚ chloride-ion electrode analysis‚ and flame testing. The sample had a greater concentration of chloride ions‚ no measurable CaCo3 ‚ and lower than standard moisture content. It was contaminated with KCl and likely HCl ionic solids. Introduction Soil is a vital component of any environmental network. It provides the basis for life for any environment. There are many factors that determine what life comes from soil such as texture of the soil‚ topsoil composition‚ inorganic
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heat/electricity. Group‚ electron configuration (and oxidation states): Gp2 Alkaline Earth Metal; e.c. 2‚8‚2 or 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2; (+2 only) e.g. MgCl2‚ MgO. Reaction of element with oxygen: Burns brightly when heated in air to form a white powder of ionic magnesium oxide Mg2+O2- when heated strongly in air. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ==> 2MgO(s) Reaction of oxide with water: It is slightly soluble in water‚ and is a basic oxide forming an alkaline solution of magnesium hydroxide Mg2+(OH-)2‚ of about pH12
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52 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 53 I. Structure of Matter (20%) B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic‚ covalent‚ metallic‚ hydrogen bonding‚ van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) c. Polarity of bonds‚ electronegativities 2. Molecular models a. Lewis structures TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another Covalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic
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Reaction six is an example of a double replacement‚ hence a net ionic equation is formed. The net ionic equation for this specific reaction involves only copper and phosphate‚ whereas the original equations utilized also sodium and chlorine. Hence‚ the solid product in reaction six is copper(II)
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iLab‚ Week #2 CATIONS AND ANION LAB Introduction In this experiment we will be mixing two ionic compounds: potassium chromate and lead nitrate; both are soluble in water. This will be demonstrating a double-replacement reaction/reactions between cations and anions. If a reaction does occur it will form a precipitate due to one of the newly formed compounds not being soluble in water. Once the experiment was completed there was what appears to be a “solid” substance remaining in the
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3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1 Noble Gas form: Kr 4d5 5s1 QUESTION 3 Compare the relative differences in strength that results from ionic‚ covalent and metallic boding. There are two types of bond‚ the strong bonds and the weak bonds. Covalent bond is part of strong bond and it has the highest strength among the strong bond. Ionic bond is part of the strong bond but the strength of ionic bond is a medium strong bond. The metallic bond is also part of the strong bond but the strength of the metallic bond is
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