pass through to lower its energy. This is connected to osmotic pressure because that is the pressure used to stop the molecules from passing through the semi-permeable membrane. Some solutes have different effects on the solutions. For example‚ ionic solutes dissolve and split when placed in a solution. The ions split into positives and negatives and produce multiple ion particles. This makes them affect colligative properties more than molecular
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Jarriette kenn D Patenio Jaymar patana Job madronal Do all ideal gases have the same molar volume? An ideal gas has the following equation of state (an equation which relates various thermodynamic properties for a substance‚ such as pressure‚ temperature and molar volume): Pv = RT P - pressure v - molar volume R - universal gas constant T - absolute temperature Clearly the molar volume depends on temperature and pressure‚ so if two gases are at different conditions then they
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Experiment 9 Empirical Formula of Zinc Iodide Objectives Upon completion of this experiment‚ students should have learned: 1. The law of conservation of mass. 2. How to calculate an empirical formula. 3. The concept of limiting reagents. Introduction Synthesis and the determination of empirical formulas are two extremely important parts of chemistry. In this experiment‚ you will synthesize zinc iodide and determine its empirical formula. The molecular formula gives the actual
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1. Define the term chemotherapy. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy. 2. Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways ? It is useful for doctors because it provides them the whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a particular type of problem. 3. How are drugs classified? (a) On the basis of pharmacological effect For example‚ analgesics have pain killing effect. (b) On the basis of drug action It is based
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orders were determined by the way that the top or capital of each column was sculpted. The first order was called the Doric Order. This was the most simple of the three. It was only meant for sturdiness‚ not for beauty. The second order was called the Ionic order. They had capitals sculpted like spiraling scrolls. They too were not that beautiful‚ but very sturdy. The third was the Corinthian Order. Ta the top of each capital of this order were carved Acanthus leaves. They were very beautiful‚ but not
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with halogens to produce salts‚ most important NaCl and KCl. Sodium Chloride is used as a preservative for meat and to melt the ice on the roads. KCl is important for plant fertilizers since potassium helps plant growth. The metal halides form white ionic crystalline solids. They are all soluble in water except LiF because of a high lattice enthalpy due to the electrostatic attraction between Li+ and F- ions. All halogens are quite reactive‚ and in the natural world they always occur combined with
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pairs of electrons. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons Equal sharing of electrons results in a nonpolar covalent bond Electrons are shared in covalent bonds while ionic bonds involve the attraction between oppositely charged ions. Electrons are shared in covalent bonds‚ whereas ionic bonds involve the loss or gain of electrons. Hydrogen bonds are responsible to the attraction of water molecules to each other. This is what causes cohesion and surface tension of
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compound and the water molecules together. The forces of attraction are electrostatic forces resulting from the charged nature of the anhydrous ionic compound and the polar water molecules. Particle size and space limitations dictate the number of water molecules an ionic compound will accommodate and well as the conditions under which the hydrate is formed. Many ionic compounds form multiple hydrates and to remove all of the bound water for some of these can be difficult in ordinary laboratory conditions
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COVENANT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY COURSE TITLE: General Organic Chemistry COURSE CODE: CHM 121 ‚ UNIT: 2.0 . INTRODUCTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon. Carbon compounds are far more numerous than those of other elements because carbon are able to bond together to form a wide range of chains and rings. The subject is named organic chemistry because living organisms are composed
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and boiling points Very strong electrostatic bonds between the electrons and nucleuses make it very hard for heat to overcome the bonds which make the metal solid or liquid. Ionic Compounds: • Ionic substances consist of positive ions and negative ions arranged in a regular lattice • Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Property Explanation High melting and boiling points Strong electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ion
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