SALTS AND THEIR PREPARATION SALTS A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or by ammonium ions. Compounds in which the H+ ions in an acid have been replaced by ammonium ions (NH4+) are called ammonium salts. NOTE: •An anion is a negatively charged ion. Hence:•Hydrochloric acid gives chlorides. E.g. sodium chloride‚ ammonium chloride. •Nitric acid gives nitrates. E.g. barium nitrate‚ copper nitrate. •Sulphuric acid gives sulphates. E.g. silver sulphate
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Determining the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of potassium hydrogen carbonate into potassium carbonate. Controlled Variables: 1. Volume of HCl ± 0.5 cm3 (± 2%) 2. Concentration of HCl‚ 3. Same mass of K2CO3 and KHCO3 within specified ranges of 2.5 – 3.0g and 3.25 – 3.75g respectively 4. Same calorimeter used i.e. polystyrene cup is used in this experiment 5. Same thermometer will be used ± 0.10K 6. Same source of K2CO3‚ KHCO3 and HCl Raw Data Results: The raw
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SECTION: ______________________ Stoichiometry II - Mole Calculations/ Limiting and Excess Reagent – Lecture Notes 1. Given the balanced equation N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) How many moles of ammonia are produced when 0.60 mol of nitrogen reacts with hydrogen? 2. Given the equation: SiO2 + HF SiF4 + H2O a. Calculate the number of moles HF that would completely react with 2.5 moles of SiO2. b. Calculate the number of moles SiF4 formed by completely reacting 2.5 moles SiO 2 with HF. c. Calculate the mass
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A. MATTER * Nature of matter. * Describe the states of matter and explain their conversion in terms of the kinetic particle theory. * Describe and explain diffusion. * Describe dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass‚ qualitatively. * Experimental techniques Measurement. * Name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time‚ temperature‚ mass and volume‚ including burettes‚ pipettes and measuring cylinders. Criteria of purity. * Identify substances
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of industrially important sodium and calcium compounds including Portland cement; the biological significance of sodium‚ potassium‚ magnesium and calcium. • appreciate The s-block elements of the Periodic Table are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital. As the s-orbital can accommodate only two electrons‚ two groups (1 & 2) belong to the s-block of the Periodic Table. Group 1 of the Periodic Table consists of the elements: lithium‚ sodium‚ potassium‚ rubidium‚ caesium
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sulphur oxygen sulphur trioxide 2 Fe + O2 ---------> 2 FeO iron oxygen iron (II) oxide Decomposition
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the benzene and the benzene reacted with the explosives resulting in that huge explosion. f) Try to make the reaction endothermic instead of exothermic. g) Reaction 1: decomposition Reaction 2: single displacement Reaction 3: Synthesis h) It is incorporated because it reacts very quickly with sodium and releases sodium oxide. 1. It must produce heat when it reacts‚ it must produce gases as products‚ it must react very quickly‚ and it must be stable enough so that it can be exploded in controlled
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page) Group I II III IV V VI VII 0 1 4 H He Hydrogen Helium 1 7 9 11 12 14 16 19 2 20 Li Be B C N O F Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 23 4 24 5 27 6 28 7 31 8 32 9 35.5 10 40 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
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Review paper. Catalysts analysis for MSW pyrolysis and gasification Tursunov Obida‚ Khairuddin Md Isaa‚ Dr. Ong Soon Ana aSchool of Environmental Engineering‚ University Malaysia Perlis UniMAP‚ Arau 02600‚ Perlis‚ Malaysia Abstract MSW pyrolysis and gasification are the possible alternative to the direct use of fossil fuel energy. MSW‚ a CO2 neutral source of renewable fuel‚ can contribute to the demand for heat‚ electricity and synthesis gas (syngas). Nevertheless‚ there are inefficiencies in
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sulfur dioxide gas” i. CuS + O2 Cu + SO2(g) b. When heated‚ baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) decomposes to form the products sodium carbonate‚ carbon dioxide‚ and water.” i. NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 11. Write and balance equations for the following reactions. a. “Iron metal and chlorine gas react to form solid iron(III) chloride” i. 2FeCl3(s) b. “Solid aluminum carbonate decomposes to form solid aluminum oxide and carbon dioxide gas” i. Al2O3(s) + CO2(g)
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