phase rule‚ explain what it is. Reduced phase rule ; F = C – P + 1 F(degree of freedom) is the number of the intensive variables which can independently change with maintaining the equilibrium‚ such as T‚ P‚ XA‚ XB. For condensed phases the thermodynamic properties are relatively insensitive to pressure and it is usual to assume that the pressure is fixed at 1 atm. Therefore‚ if the pressure is fixed‚ degree of freedom decreases by one. d) Draw a schematic binary peritectic phase diagram‚ mark
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1 Model Question Paper Basic Engineering and Sciences The material in which spontaneous polarization changes with temperature is known as (1) Piezo electric (2) Ferro electric (3) Pyro electric (4) Magneto optic Where K and s are thermal and electrical conductivities in a solid‚ according to Wiedemann Franz law 1. The theorem used for equilibrium of concurrent 8. coplanar forces is (1) Varignon’s Theorem (2) Lame’s Theorem (3) Parallel Axis Theorem
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Entropy: Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Entropy comes from the second law of thermodynamics‚ which states that all systems tend to reach a state of equilibrium. The significance of entropy is that when a spontaneous change occurs in a system‚ it will always be found that if the total entropy change for everything involved is calculated‚ a positive value will be obtained. Simply‚ all spontaneous changes in an isolated chemical system occur with an increase in entropy. Like enthalpy
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for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Objective: To construct a coffee cup calorimeter‚ measure its calorimeter constant‚ and determine the enthalpy of decomposition and formation of hydrogen peroxide. Background: This experiment is a classic thermodynamics lab. In it‚ we attempt to measure the enthalpy (H) of a chemical reaction. The main obstacle is that this is a quantity that cannot be measured directly. It instead is observed as heat from one substance is transferred to another while being
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Environment and then click the component of interest. You can now View the component properties. Include this comparison in your report. To accomplish this‚ it will be necessary to choose the appropriate base property package ( to select the thermodynamic property models to be used in the simulation) ‚ add the components‚ and finally either tabulate or plot the desired data as a function of temperature. It should be noted that the one component‚ the high boiler‚ is not listed in the Pure Component
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Experiment-5 Thermal physics is the combined study of thermodynamics‚ statistical mechanics‚ and kinetic theory. This practical is done to measure the temperature drop of water over a period of time (30 minutes). Research question- What is the rate of temperature change over a period of 30 minutes? Independent variable- time Dependent variable- the temperature of water Controlled variables- the amount of water in the calorimeter - The stop watch
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All chemical reactions are processed through energy exchanges. Chemical reactions either absorb energy or release energy into their surroundings. In thermodynamics‚ endothermic reactions absorb energy where exothermic reactions release energy. In this experiment‚ we will be observing the chemical reactions that occur when a specific liquid is combined with a specific solid. We will measure the temperature of the liquid before the solid is added. Then we will measure the temperature of the liquid
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speak at your funeral. You want the physicist to talk to your grieving family about the conservation of energy‚ so they will understand that your energy has not died. You want the physicist to remind your sobbing mother about the first law of thermodynamics; that no energy gets created in the universe‚ and none is destroyed. You want your mother to know that all your energy‚ every vibration‚ every Btu of heat‚ every wave of every particle that was her beloved child remains with her in this world
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TITLE: Solubility and Thermodynamics PURPOSE: The purpose of the lab was to determine the thermodynamics variables of ∆H‚ ∆S‚ and ∆G for the dissolution reaction of potassium nitrate in water. The solubility of potassium nitrate in mol/L was measured over a range of various temperatures by finding out at what temperature crystallization began for solutions of different molarities. Then‚ the equilibrium constant was calculated and a graphical relationship between the natural logarithm of the
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physics; You can see the examples given below 1)television uses electromagnets to direct electrons on a screen to produce pictures. 2)A cell phone uses microwaves. 3)Your car is built on mechanical principles. 4)A refrigerator uses thermodynamic principles. 5)Most modern homes use electricity to power appliances. Physics is also a necessity in solving our future problems. The examples cited above show that forward-looking developments are based on the insights of physics. This applies
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