and in many settings continue to experience high rates of new HIV infections and of HIV-related illness and death. In 2005 alone‚ an estimated 540 000 children were newly infected with HIV‚ with about 90% of these infections occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS‚ 2006) .UNAIDS estimates that approximately 370 000 children were infected with HIV in 2007[1]. More than 90% of these infections were caused by vertical transmission from mother to infant and approximately 90% occurred in Sub Saharan
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Disease Etiology Transmission Landmark Signs/Symptoms Special Characteristics/Interesting Information Impetigo Staphlococcus aureusDirect Contact Itching; crusty‚ honey-colored‚ & flaky scabs typically around mouth Affects children 2-5 years Can heal with no treatment needed Scaled Skin Syndrome StaphlococcusSystemic Infection of normal microbiotaDesquamation (peeling of the skin) Treatment: Antibiotics Frequent in hospital nurseries Necrotizing fasciitis Streptococcus Pyogenes“Flesh eating”
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Volume 25 Diagnoses of HIV Infection in the United States and Dependent Areas‚ 2013 The HIV Surveillance Report is published annually by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention‚ National Center for HIV/AIDS‚ Viral Hepatitis‚ STD‚ and TB Prevention‚ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)‚ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services‚ Atlanta‚ Georgia. Data are presented for diagnoses of HIV infection reported to CDC through June 2014. The HIV Surveillance Report is not copyrighted and may
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enforcement agency in the United States about the occurrence and frequency of HIV infection resulting from occupational incidents (Bigbee‚ 1993). The FBI only inquired about the number of cases reported by law enforcement agencies and the context of the transmission event‚ in efforts to ensure complete confidentiality (Bigbee‚ 1993). This study uncovered seven instances in
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prevention and control of nosocomial infection . Specific objective: At the structured teaching programme the students will be able to : 1. Introduces the topic 2. Meaning and definition 3. Risk factors of nosocomial infection 4. Sources of nosocomial infection 5. Modes of transmission of nosocomial infection 6. Common types of nosocomial infection 7. Diagnosis of nosocomial infection 8. Prevention and control of nosocomial infection Time | Specific objectives |
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Swine Flu By Jack Conaghan Swine influenza‚ also called pig influenza‚ swine flu‚ hog flu and pig flu‚ is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. Swine flu under a Microscope As swine influenza is rarely fatal to pigs‚ little treatment beyond rest and supportive care is required. Instead‚ veterinary efforts
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infected by HIV. HIV may be transmitted through unprotected heterosexual or homosexual‚ vaginal‚ anal‚ or oral sex. The main routes of transmission are unprotected vaginal and anal sex. Besides that‚ one can be infected with HIV through blood transmission. Sharing needles and reusing syringes that contaminated with HIV-infected blood may cause blood transmission from one to another. In most of the cases‚ this incident occurs when there is sharing and reusing needles among drug users. In addition
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itself from infection and disease. Caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‚ AIDS leaves an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections—infection by microbes that take advantage of a weakened immune system. Such infections are usually harmless in healthy people but can prove life-threatening to people with AIDS. Although there is no cure for AIDS‚ new drugs are available that can prolong the life spans and improve the quality of life of infected people. Transmission of HIV—the
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14 – Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Pathology Infection and Disease 1. Pathology is the scientific study of disease – concerned with cause (etiology) and manner in which disease develops (pathogenesis) - Also concerned with structural and functional changes brought about by disease and final effects on the body 2. Infection – invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms 3. Disease – when infection results in change in state of health Normal Microbiota
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(Nazarko‚ L.‚ 2013‚ World Health Organization (WHO)‚ 2009). Gastroenteritis is associated when the norovirus enters the human it rapidly replicates and spreads all over which causes severe infection (Friesema .M et al..‚ 2009). Recent studies suggest that genotype GII.4.It takes around 12 to 48 hours to identify the infection. Norovirus strain has been identified in residencial care facilities this can occur in all ages but older population especially living in care homes or long term care are more vulnerable
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