11/19/14 Modeling Molecules Introduction: You can represent a molecule two-dimensionally‚ as a structural formula or electron dot structure. Although such models are useful in certain contexts‚ they do not accurately represent bond angles between atoms or shapes of molecules. In this activity‚ you will construct three-dimensional models of several molecules. You will use electron dot structures and structural formulas to inform how you construct the three-dimensional models. Materials: Google Microsoft
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Unit One Continued Biology is Life and the Living Characterstics of living things Must have Complex and Organized structure based on element carbon Flower (complex and organized) Reproduction and show gene controlled by heredity Camel reproduces and heredity is the traits based on the genes of the DNA Instructions on how to create YOU Crystal reproduces but has no Genes and no control Living things show growth and development Egg cell with sperm to embryo to child 23+23 for DNA Energy
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THE VSEPR THEORY The VSEPR stands for ¡°Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion¡±‚ the theory is used for predicting the structure of molecules. The theory can be used in two main steps. First‚ the number of all bonding pairs and lone pairs is calculated‚ next‚ these pairs of electrons are rearranged in order to minimize the repulsion between them. Different number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons can form different structure. When there are only two bonding pairs around the central
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COE CHEMONE Reviewer for CHEMONE Finals Rules for Counting Significant Figures 1. Nonzero integers. Nonzero integers always count as significant figures. 2. Zeros. There are three classes of zeros: a. Leading zeros are zeros that precede all the nonzero digits. These do not count as significant figures. In the number 0.0025‚ the three zeros simply indicate the position of the decimal point. This number has only two significant figures. Note that the number 1.00 _ 102 above is written in exponential
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forces that hold atoms together to form molecules or compounds. These categories are ionic‚ molecular and metallic substances. In ionic compounds valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another‚ resulting in formation of ions of opposite charge. Metals will lose electrons to form cations (positively charged) and non-metals can gain electrons to form anions (negatively charged); these oppositely charged ions attract each other and form an ionic compound Because the attraction of the ions
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conductivity we needed to understand the dissociation of ionic bonds. When two oppositely charged atoms bond together there is a transfer of an electron(s) from a cation to the anion. This occurs because the cation is willing to give up an electron to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell where as the anion is accepting the electron to fulfill its valence shell. When compounds containing ionic bonds are dissolved in water‚ the ions dissociate from one another. This dissociation causes ions to move
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Angewandte Chemie Photocatalyis with Visible Light Photocatalytic Nanodiodes for Visible-Light Photocatalysis** Hyun G. Kim‚ Pramod H. Borse‚ Wonyong Choi‚ and Jae S. Lee* Photocatalysts that respond to visible light (l < 400 nm) are needed to utilize the main part of the solar spectrum for production of hydrogen energy by splitting water‚[1‚ 2] purification of water and air‚[3] and other applications.[4] Traditional visible-light photocatalysts are either unstable upon illumination
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III.8. THE TUNNEL DIODE 1. Theory The Japanese physicist Leo Esaki invented the tunnel diode in 1958. It consists of a p-n junction with highly doped regions. Because of the thinness of the junction‚ the electrons can pass through the potential barrier of the dam layer at a suitable polarization‚ reaching the energy states on the other sides of the junction. The current-voltage characteristic of the diode is represented in Figure 1. In this sketch i p and U p are the peak‚ and iv and U v are
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Germanium and silicon are two well-known semiconductors. 1.2 Atoms and elements Ordinary matter is made up of protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons and is composed of atoms. An atom consists of a tiny nucleus made up of protons and neutrons‚ on the order of 20‚000 times smaller than the size of the atom. The outer part of the atom consists of a number of electrons
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energy that is critical to the functioning of the human body. The phenomenon of Ions An ion is an atom or a group of atoms that have an electrical charge by either gaining or losing electrons in its outer shell‚ also known as valence electrons. Valence electrons are those electrons in the outer ring of electrons orbiting the nucleus of the atom. Ions may exist in solid‚ liquid‚ or gaseous environments‚ although those in liquid are more common and familiar. Ions that are charged with positive
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