magnet and moved toward the positive magnet‚ leading to the discovery of negatively charged electrons. From this experiment‚ he was also able to conclude that electrons have mass based on how they swirled in the tube. The first identification of a subatomic particle inspired Thomson to create his plum-pudding model. This model featured the atom as a positively charged‚ solid sphere with randomly distributed electrons throughout it like chocolate chips in a chocolate chip cookie. However‚ the discoveries
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effect? The photoelectric effect is when a clean metal surface emits electrons after light‚ especially ultraviolet‚ has been shone on at it. This happens because of a process called photoelectric emission whereby a single photon package of electromagnetic energy‚ called a quantum‚ is absorbed by metal surfaces. This energy is then transferred to one single electron which can then be released by the metal and that released electron is known as a photoelectron. The effect was first absorbed by German
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nucleus of an atom making an atom an isotope. The neutron symbol is . Electrons are located outside the nucleus in energy levels. Electrons have a negative charge and weigh approximately 1/2000th of an amu. The weight is almost insignificant. Electrons can vary in an atom making cations and anions. Cations are a positive charge when an atom loses an electron. Anions are a negative charge when an atom gains an electron. These are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom and their characteristics
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ELECTRICITY - A Secondary Energy Source A Secondary Source The Science of Electricity How Electricity is Generated/Made The Transformer - Moving Electricity Measuring Electricity energy calculator links page recent statistics A SECONDARY SOURCE Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion of other sources of energy‚ like coal‚ natural gas‚ oil‚ nuclear power and other natural sources‚ which are called primary
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positively charged entity that contains randomly dispersed (negative) electrons within it. It is called the plum pudding model because the electrons in the positively charge cloud resemble raisins in a pudding. Thomson realized that all atoms must contain electrons‚ and since the atoms had a neutral charge‚ they must also include protons. This led him and other to think of the atom as a positively charged cloud with electrons randomly scattered in it. Rutherford later found this model to be false
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Chapter 1 * What is Chemistry? -it is the study of the composition of substances and the changes they undergo. * What are the 5 branches of chemistry? * Organic chemistry‚ inorganic chemistry‚ analytical chemistry‚ physical chemistry‚ biochemistry. * What is the difference between a theory and law? -a theory is a thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain results. A scientific law is a concise statement that summarized the results of a broad spectrum of observations
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explaining the line spectrum: Bohr completed is model by making one more grand conclusion. He said that the electron could “jump” from one orbit to another by either emitting or absorbing photons with specific frequencies. Thus: • To move to a higher energy orbit ( a greater value of n) an electron must Absorb energy • To move to a lower energy orbit ( a lower value of n) an electron must Emit energy • The frequency of the absorbed or emitted energy corresponds to the energy difference
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GREAT DISCOVERIES CHANGE LIVES Do you like watching television? I love it. I do not know what would I do if televisions did not exist. It is interesting‚ in several years‚ they have become a huge part of our lives‚ our indispensables. J.J. Thomson was inspired by some scientists and he provided us the opportunity of having televisions in our lives. Also other scientists improved his thoughts and experiments which leaded to the invention of the television afterwards. It is not that simple of course
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Since the ancient times‚ people like the Greeks were acknowledged of the existence of elements‚ but only knew of common ones like gold‚ tin‚ and copper. It wasn’t until the middle of the nineteenth century when about 50 elements were discovered and scientists began to wonder if the elements vary from each other or if a pattern is represented in the arrangement of the elements. A number of scientists tried different kinds of patterns. For example‚ the German scientist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner tried
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or more elements are chemically combined. b) Chemical bonding involves either transferring or sharing electrons in the highest occupied energy levels (shells) of atoms in order to achieve the electronic structure of a noble gas. c) When atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons‚ they form ions. Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged ions. Atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged ions. Ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas (Group 0). d) The elements
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