down the motion so that the velocity close to the wall is reduced below u. It can be shown that the shear stress produces a velocity gradient du / dy which is proportional to the applied stress. The constant of proportionality is the coefficient of viscosity and the equation is usually written as; du dy …1 The above equation represents a model of a situation in which layers of fluid move smoothly over one another. This is termed “viscous” or “laminar” flow. The equation is valid and is a constant
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Orange Peel Extracts A.E. Hegazy and M.I. Ibrahium Department of Food Science and Technology‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚ AL-Azhar University‚ Cairo‚ Egypt Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different organic solvents such as‚ methanol‚ ethanol‚ dichloromethane‚ acetone‚ hexane and ethyl acetate for extraction of ( flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds(TFC and TPC respectively) from the orange peel. Also‚ the effect of these solvents on the yield percentage‚ chelating activity
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holes created in the brains of mice. “Additional research revealed that aspartame was converted in the body into dangerous substances that could cause severe damage to brain cells‚ epilepsy‚ brain tumors and other cancers‚ as well as death due to methanol or formaldehyde poisoning”(“Health & Stress 1”). Searle‚ concealing negative results‚ reported to the FDA that no health problems presented during the safety studies. After investigations into the manipulative safety study data‚ criminal charges
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Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived. Structure of eugenol (clove oil) and eugenol acetate: Reagents: Eugenol‚ CH2Cl2‚ Br2‚ FeCl3‚ Methanol Procedure: Co-distillation We first combine 15 mL of water with 1 g of crushed‚ ground cloves in a 25-mL round-bottom flask. Then added a spin bar to the 25-mL round-bottom flask and assembled the microscale distillation apparatus. We made
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Liquid toluene C7H8 ( SG:0.866)is flowing through a pipe at a rate of 175 m3/h. a) What is the mass flow rate of this stream in kg/min? b) What is the molar flow rate in mol/s? 5. A mixture of methanol and methyl acetate contains 15.0 wt% methanol. a) Determine the g-moles of methanol in 200.0kg of the mixture. b) The flow rate of methyl acetate in the mixture is to be 100.0 Ib-mole/h. What must the mixture flow rate be in Ibm/h 6. The feed to an ammonia synthesis reactor contains
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ABSTRACT Reynolds number can be defined as a number of varieties of situations where a fluid is in relative with motion to a surface. This experiment is to observe the behavior of the flow of fluid either it is laminar or turbulent by calculating it’s Reynolds number and the characteristic of the flow. Other than that‚ the range for laminar and turbulent flow can be calculated and the theory that Reynolds number is dimensionless can be proven. The pump is opened to let the water flow. The dye
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contains more than 4000 chemicals‚ which could have various toxic‚ mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The content and concentration of chemical ingredients can vary widely from one brand or type of cigarette to the next. Some of these chemicals are Methanol‚ Nicotine‚ Tar‚ and Vinyl Chloride. Just imagine this chemicals goes inside a human body‚ it will surely destroy the body slowly until that person dies. Because the number of smokers in the Philippines is tremendously increasing‚ the goverment have
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Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to compare biodiesel to other fuels. The ecotoxicity of biodiesel was estimated‚ along with that of other biofuels through the germination of seeds in the presence of different concentrations of fuels. This resulted in biodiesel having an average of 79.4% germinated seeds in a 10% solution of fuel‚ compared to other fuels whose percentage of germinated seeds decreased with higher concentrations of fuel. In addition‚ biodiesel was also synthesized and
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|6.0 M H2SO4 (15 mL) | |graduated cylinder |granular zinc | |3.0 M NaOH (30 mL) |methanol | |carborundum boiling chips |acetone | |stirring rod |towel
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(1)2.5g(0.014mol) powdered D-glucose (2)0.5g ZnCl2 (3)12.5ml acetic anhydride (4)Cold water (5)120ml Ice water (6)Methanol 2. Physical properties Compounds | M.W. g/mol | M.P.℃ | B.P.℃ | Density g/cm3 | D-glucose | 180.16 | 146 | - | 1.54 | ZnCl2 | 136.315 | 292 | 756 | 2.907 | Acetic anhydride | 102.9 | -73.1 | 139.8 | 1.082 | Methanol | 32.04 | -98~-97 | 64.7 | 0.7918 | α-D- glucopyranose | 390.34 | 109-112 | 452 | 1.3 | 3. Phenomena and data The reaction
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