(a) Define the term equilibrium potential and use the Nernst equation (see Appendix) to show how the equilibrium potentials for both sodium and potassium are calculated. Equilibrium potential is the potential of the membrane when there is no net flow of ions from one gradient to the other gradient. The ions are equal and are opposite of each other but not moving from one side to the other. Sodium: Ena=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-1)(310K))/((1(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(150/15))= 61.54 mV Ek=2.303((8
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Pokhara Abstract Water‚ a basis of survival of all living organisms is also considered as the basic pre-requisite of development. Being second richest country in water resources‚ Nepal is gifted by Himalayan ranges in the north with ever flowing snow melted rivers and fresh water springs with huge power of producing energy and fetch out drinking water to the people. Similarly‚ no any economic as well as socioeconomic developments are possible without availability of water. Specially‚ Nepal and
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In this essay I improved in the areas of presenting two arguments. When writing an essay that argues a certain point‚ it is important to present both sides of the argument in order to give importance to your thoughts and final point. In the Green Essay‚ I wrote about the importance of keeping family farms alive in America‚ and spent a majority of the essay writing about how family farms are more beneficial to our nation than corporate or factory farms. I do not think I did a good job in presenting
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’ Water! Water! Water! ’: These are the words of a person dying from thirst‚ which me or you might be hearing or even crying it out aloud in the near future‚ because human being’s most serious problem and dilemma in the 21st century might not be war or hunger or disease or the collapse of civic order‚ it may be the lack of Fresh Water‚ according to a United Nation’s (UNESCO) report. At present 1.1 billion people lack access to clean water‚ while 2.4 billion lack access to proper sanitation‚ nearly
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Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals‚ biological contaminants‚ suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water)‚ but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes‚ including meeting the requirements of medical‚ pharmacological‚ chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such
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The Potential of Pericytes Found in Blood Vessels Do pericytes found in blood vessels create more potential for adult stem cell research? The capability to revert blindness‚ cure diabetes‚ let paralyzed people walk again‚ replace deficient organs with newly grown ones and cure blood diseases are a few of the many potential functions of stem cells. A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth
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desalination of water water‚ desalination of‚ process of removing soluble salts from water to render it suitable for drinking‚ irrigation‚ or industrial uses. The principal methods used for desalination include distillation (or evaporation)‚ electrodialysis‚ freezing‚ ion exchange‚ and reverse osmosis. In distillation saltwater is heated in one container to make the water evaporate‚ leaving the salt behind. The desalinated vapor is then condensed to form water in a separate container. Although long
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Bottled water vs. tap water Water is an essential part to human life. We as humans need around eight to twelve cups per day to make up for the fact that throughout normal functions such as breathing and sweating we lose an average of ten cups per day. To make sure that we are healthy and everything runs properly‚ we must make sure we drink the right amount of water (msnbc.com‚ 2004). The one question when thinking about water is what type of water will you drink? The biggest controversy is bottled
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Tap Water should be the Water of Choice Scientists have warned for years that when bottles are stored in warm and hot temperatures‚ the plastic been showed to leach chemicals into the water. There are increasing effects of polyethylene terephthalate bottles on our environment. Even the price of bottle water is increasingly outrageous. With the economy the way it is‚ why spend the money on bottle water. The EPA conducted studies on chemicals found in bottled water. Even though the studies found
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Water Availability and Water Quality Water is the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. Every living thing needs water in order to survive. If water becomes polluted‚ it loses its value and can become a threat to our health. Although we as humans recognize this fact‚ we disregard it by polluting our rivers‚ lakes‚ and oceans. Water availability has become a great concern in our world today. Out of all the available water on earth‚ only 3 % of it is fresh water. 77% of this
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