------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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Cost Accounting in Theory The last two decades has seen a revolution in management accounting theory and practice due to the challenges of the competitive environment in the 1980s. Kaplan and Johnson (1987) identified the failings and obsolescence of existing cost and performance measurement systems‚ which led to the re-examination of traditional cost accounting and management control systems. Conventional financial and management accounting methods have developed primarily as a result of corporate
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What is a theory? In this book we consider various theories of financial accounting. Perhaps‚ there¬fore‚ we should start by considering what we mean by a ’theory’. There are various perspectives of what constitutes a theory. The Oxford English Dictionary provides various definitions‚ including: A scheme or system of ideas or statements held as an explanation or account (description) of a group of facts or phenomena. Explanation or Account (description) of a group
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the interest of a regular loyal customer base with its broad variety of coffee and pastry products. The company plans to build a strong market position in the town‚ due to the entrepreneur’s industry experience and mild competitive climate in the area. EB aims to offer its products at a competitive price to meet the demand of the middle-to higher-income local market area residents. The Company EB is incorporated in Eldoret Town‚ its postal address being The mobile number being It is owned and
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of the costs as direct materials‚ direct labor‚ manufacturing overhead‚ or period costs. Materials used in product $100‚000 – Direct materials Advertising expense $45‚000 – Period costs Depreciation on plant $60‚000 – Manufacturing overhead Property taxes on plant $14‚000 – Manufacturing overhead Property taxes on store $7‚500 – Manufacturing overhead Delivery expense $21‚000 – Period costs Labor costs of assembly-line workers $110‚000 – Direct labor Sales commissions $35‚000 – Period costs Factory
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Section A Under Case Study (Newspaper) HB Global 1. Types of audit opinion Qualified opinion * A qualified opinion report can result from a limitation on the scope of the audit or failure to follow generally accepted accounting principles Adverse opinion * It is used only when the auditor believes that the overall financial statements are so materiality misstated or misleading that they do not present fairly the financial position or results of operations and cash flows in conforming
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Problem 1 The Commonwealth Company uses a job-order cost system and applies manufacturing overhead cost to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate basedon the cost of materials used in production. At the beginning of the year‚ the following estimates were made as a basis for computing the predetermined overhead rate: manufacturing overhead cost‚$186‚000; direct materials cost‚$155‚000. The following transactions took place during the year (all purchases and services were acquired on account): a
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ACCOUNTING SUBSTANCE OVER FORM Substance over form is an accounting concept where the entity is accounting for items according to their substance and economic reality and not merely their legal form. It is one of the key determinants of reliable information. For most transactions there will be no difference and in some cases however‚ the two diverge and the choice of how to present the transactions can give very different results. This differences occurs when an asset or liability is not recognized
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ledger a.a chronological record of all transactionsb.the balance of each account in the chart of accountsc.budget records for each account in the chart of accountsd.subsidiary details supporting a control account 2. Which steps in the Financial Accounting Process are in the correct sequence based on closing the accounts and determining timing differences prior to issuing financial statements a.record the transaction‚ post to the ledger‚ prepare the adjusted trial balance‚ enter adjusting entries
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-216- Xilinx‚ Inc.—Stock-based Compensation Xilinx‚ Inc. designs‚ develops‚ and markets complete programmable logic solutions‚ including advanced integrated circuits‚ software design tools‚ predefined system functions delivered as intellectual property cores‚ customer training‚ field engineering and technical support. Customers are electronic equipment manufacturers primarily in the telecommunications‚ networking‚ computing‚ industrial‚ and consumer markets. Products are sold globally through
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