study of cellular events indicates a beginning and end‚ but the events continue to repeat. 2. a. If a nucleus has eight chromosomes during interphase‚ how many chromosomes does it have during metaphase? During metaphase there are 8 double-stranded chromosomes. b. How many does it have after mitosis is complete? After mitosis (and separation of chromatids) there are 16 chromosomes distributed between two nuclei. 3. a. Why would we choose an embryonic mass of cells for procedure 13.3 in which to study
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Introduction Williams Syndrome‚ also known as Williams-Beuren disorder is a congenital genetic disorder characterized by a deletion in parts of chromosome 7. It is “a multisystem disorder‚ caused by deletion of the Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosome region‚ spanning 1.5 to 1.8 million base pairs and containing 26 to 28 genes.” (Pober‚ 2010‚ p 239) Demographics Williams Syndrome affects 1 in 10‚000 children throughout the world and an estimated 20‚000 to 30‚000 in the United States. (Williams Syndrome
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C. MT1311 Chromosomal aberrations are abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes and are often responsible for genetic disorders. For more than a century‚ scientists have been fascinated by the study of human chromosomes. It was not until 1956‚ however‚ that it was determined that the actual diploid number of chromosomes in a human cell was forty-six (22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes make up the human genome). In 1959 two discoveries opened a new era of genetics. Jerome
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Down Syndrome is caused by a chromosome defect. More specifically‚ a person with Down Syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This results in intellectual disabilities‚ physical abnormalities‚ developmental delays and other language and non-language characteristics. However‚ these characteristics do not affect every person with Down Syndrome in the same way. Some may have a mild to moderate intellectual disability‚ while others may have a more severe intellectual disability. There are three
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represents nature’s solution to the problem of chromosome doubling that would occur‚ if two diploid cells‚ i.e. two cells with a double set of chromosomes would fuse. Accordingly does meiosis produce haploid germ cells‚ with maternal and paternal germ cell fusing at fertilization and thus generating a diploid fusion product‚ the zygote. Meiosis is made up by two subsequent processes‚ both of which resemble mitosis. In the first process are the homologous chromosomes separated. It has an unusually long prophase
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Question If a cell contains a set of duplicated chromosomes‚ does it contain any more genetic information than the cell before the chromosomes were duplicated? No‚ because if it is duplicated‚ it would have the same number of chromosomes unless there was a mistake. Why do chromosomes condense before they are moved? Chromosomes condense because it allows them the ability to move smoothly‚ without becoming entangled and breaking. How are the chromosomes copies‚ called sister chromatids‚ separated
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heart‚ endocrine system‚ and central nervous system. It can be classified into two types: DM1 and DM2‚ also known as Proximal Myotonic Myopathia (PROMM). DM1 is caused by a continuous repeat of CTG located on chromosome 19‚ while DM2 is caused by the expanded quadruplet of CCTG on chromosome 3. They are both inherited as autosomal dominant trait‚ differing only by the characteristic of DM2 that contains one or more ion-channel defects. The second type of myotonic dystrophy is rarely found; therefore
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copied chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Then in cytokinesis the cell divides into two daughter cells. If no mutations or errors occur‚ the genetic material in each daughter cell is identical to what was in the original cell. Now that you have completed this lesson‚ you should be able to: describe the stages of the cell cycle explain the process of mitosis and its role in the formation of new cells describe the structure of a chromosome follow chromosomes through
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DIRE C T ION S: Answer the following math problems. Use the space below each problem or a separate piece of paper to show your work. 1. 1201 OOD Answer: ’1000j of) rbe- 1000 A typical human-body cell has 46 chromosomes. If half of them come from each parent‚ how many chromosomes does each parent contribute? Answer: ;)3 C\lvorno5(-J/u.W x 000 GO see.‚ ( see 2. 4. The red bone marrow in a human’s bones produces about 2‚000‚000 red blood cells every second. How many red blood cells are
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(replicates) DNA in preparation for division. The G1 phase‚ also called Gap 1‚ is the first phase of interphase. During G1‚ the cell increases in size. The S phase‚ also called the synthesis phase‚ follows G1. During S phase‚ the cell synthesizes DNA. Each chromosome is now comprised of two identical sister chromatids as a result of DNA synthesis. The G2 phase‚ also called Gap 2‚ follows the S phase. During G2‚ the cell once again increases in size and produces proteins necessary for Mitosis. After G2‚ the cell
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