Capital budgeting is the process of analyzing alternative long-term investments and deciding which assets to acquire or sell. An objective for these decisions is to earn a satisfactory return on investment. The process of evaluating and prioritizing capital investment opportunities is called capital budgeting. Capital budgeting relies heavily on estimates of future operation results. These estimates often involve a considerable degree of uncertainty and should be evaluated accordingly. In addition
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a number of techniques of capital budgeting. Some of the methods are based on the concept of incremental cash flows from the projects or potential investments. There are some other techniques of capital budgeting that are based on the accounting rules and accounting earnings. However‚ the techniques based on the accounting rules are considered to be improper by the economists. The hybrid and simplified techniques of capital budgeting are also used in practice. Capital budgeting is the process of
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Introduction Zara is a fashion retailer established in 1975 by the Spanish group Inditex founded by Amancio Ortega Gaona. Inditex runs over more than 5400 stores worldwide and owns brands other than Zara such as Massimo Dutti‚ Breshka‚ Oysho‚ Pull and Bear and Stradivarius. Inditex headquarters
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ϖ Company 11 – Zara‚ Inditex ϖ Zara‚ the world largest clothing retailer brand that is part of the Inditex multinational clothing company which was created by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera in 1974. They are based in the northwest of Spain. Currently‚ Zara has a total of 2‚000 stores in major cities around 88 different countries. They are acclaimed as a fast fashion company in the industry with more than two hundred professional designers within the creative teams. Zara’s products are diversification
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1. Features of Zara’s business model that affect its operating economics: • Zara owns much of its production and most of its stores‚ while competitors Gap and H&M own all of their stores but outsource all of their production. Benetton‚ on the other hand‚ owns all of its production but goes to market through licensing agreements. • Zara places more emphasis on backward vertical integration. Production runs are short and inventory is strictly controlled. This is in contrast to industry trends
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U01a1 Zara Rapid-Fire Fulfillment Steven A. Shapiro Capella University European clothing retailer Zara has been highlighted in several publications as a model for its supply chain management. This retail chain exists as a subsidiary of “Spain’s largest apparel manufacturer and retailer” (Chopra & Meindl‚ 2012‚ p.14). The most telling account of Zara’s success is detailed in an article for Harvard Business Review entitled‚ ‘Rapid-Fire Fulfillment’. Here‚ authors Ferdows‚ Lewis and Machuca
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Theories of auditing There are several different theories that may explain the demand for audit services. Some of them are well known in research and some of them are more based on perceptions. Figure 1 illustrates four audit theories according to Hayes et al. (2005). The policeman theory claims that the auditor is responsible for searching‚ discovering and preventing fraud. In the early 20thcentury this was certainly the case. However‚ more recently the main focus of auditors has been to provide
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Germany has a better representative system The US has our bullshit two party system In Germany‚ since the chancellor is chosen from the majority party in government‚ the chancellor directs policy and knows she has the support of the bundesrat In the United States system allows for the legislature to In Germany the chancellor is an extension of the legislature whereas in the united states the president and legislature may be separate as voters vote for both in different elections. The
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2.5 Working Capital This section includes: Definition and classification of working capital Determinants of Working Capital Measurements of Working Capital Working Capital Financing Management of Working Capital Inventory management Cash Management Receivables Management INTRODUCTION : The term working capital is commonly used for the capital required for day-to-day working in a business concern‚ such as for purchasing raw material‚ for meeting day-to-day expenditure on salaries‚ wages‚ rents rates
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SHORT-TERM LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT- A STUDY OF INDIAN STEEL COMPANIES Dr. Amalendu Bhunia Affiliation: Reader in Commerce‚ Fakir Chand College under C.U.‚ Diamond Harbour‚ West Bengal‚ India. bhunia.amalendu@gmail.com ABSTRACT The overall efficiency is vital from the viewpoint of short-term liquidity and at the same time proper plane of profitability is required for the business enterprises. Consequently‚ the affiliation between short-term liquidity and profitability is one of the most imperative
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