1.1 Explain The Differences Between Infant Directed Speech And Language

:- Language is defined as certain rules shared by individuals that allows them to express their emotions, thoughts and ideas in a unique and meaningful way and in a way that is understandable and received by all. Language can be in written form, verbal form or use of expressions and body gestures. Speech is form of verbal expression of language and involves voice and articulation. In order to learn a language, child needs to be able to recognise different sounds that form the speech. When a child begins to learn speech and language, he begins with the phonemes. Phonemes are the unique sounds that joined together to create words and it consists of consonant and vowel sounds. Different languages use different sounds. Research says that neonates
Infants pay attention to linguistic stress to identify beginnings and endings of words and identify words in speech. Linguistic stress means when we pay more stress on certain words or part of words while pronouncing them. When a child begins to acquire speech sounds, he starts developing his vocabulary. Infant-directed speech attracts the attention of infant’s more than adult-directed speech because in infant-directed speech, words are spoken softly-loudly and in high-low pitches, that is more understandable for infants. A neonate uses cry to indicate discomfort and by age of 2 months, they start to produce vowel-like sounds that are language based, known as cooing. Then, at age of 4-5 months, comes babbling, which is speech-like sound and is meaningless. After that, at age of 7 months, babblings includes intonations, when infant uses different level of pitch (high or low) as in normal conversation. Babbling of infants is influenced by speech they hear and its significant characters. Most of children are able to reproduce language which is used around them in middle of the first
The first one is Referential style, in which child began to learn words that name objects, thing or a person. Other is Expressive style; in which child learn some names along with social phrases. Later on, pre-schoolers expand their vocabularies when they hear adults. When parents interact with children and use different techniques, such as reading book, naming objects, bringing child’s attention to unknown things, help child to learn frequently. Questioning a child while conversation help child to focus on new words and revisit those difficult words, so that they can learn it. Then, at the age of 2 years, children start following rules to express different meanings in their language and start adding grammatical morphemes in the sentences to make them grammatical. As they learn to move beyond two-word speech, that learn to make questions and other complex forms of sentences. Children learn grammar and other aspect of language by imitating adults and reinforcement. As children communicate with others and listen them, they began to analyse and understand new aspects of language and adapt those new skills and practice it while communicating with others. They learn through corrections made by adults and details that adults add on their speech and language. When children talk with their parents in turns, it motivates them to talk more and helps children to fit in conversations. Adult’s encouragement and imitation by children plays