APUSH Exam Review
APUSH REVIEW
This is intended to be a guide for your exam review. A candidate needs to get about 60% of the 80 multiple choice questions correct to have a good chance to pass the AP Exam (plus 5/6 on each of the three essays). The questions are designed to test your understanding of different aspects of U.S. history: political/diplomatic, social/economic, cultural/ intellectual. It is not EASY! Prepare Well!
Exploration, Discovery, and Settlement
-Europe in the Sixteenth Century
-Significant Events Leading to the Age of Exploration -The Crusades and Their Impact -Renaissance and Reformation (Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII/Anglicanism) -Rise of Nation States -The Portuguese Background (Prince Henry, Da Gama) -Spanish …show more content…
Claims to the New World (Columbus, etc.) -French Claims (Verrazano, Quebec) -Dutch Claims (Hudson, Patroons) -English Claims -The Commercial Revolution -The Geographic Revolution
-Early English Settlement -Motives -Political and Religious Motives -Economic Reasons: Enclosure, Mercantilism, Joint Stock Companies -Social Motives -Pre-Jamestown -Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) -Early Efforts -Jamestown - 1607 -Early Problems -The "Starving Time" -John Smith, John Rolfe, Pocahontas -Tobacco -The Puritan Colonies -Early Problems -Pilgrims and Plymouth (1620) -Massachusetts Bay (1630) -John Winthrop - "City on a Hill" -Early Political Institutions -Mayflower Compact -House of Burgesses -Town Meetings -Relations with the Indians -Spain and France -The English -The Columbian Exchange
British (Colonial) America (1607-1750)
(Be able to name the 13 and divide them into regions)
-Types of Colonies -Proprietary -Corporate -Royal
-The Chesapeake Colonies -Maryland -Lord Baltimore -Act of Toleration -Virginia -1619 Events -Gov. Berkeley’s Policies -Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) -Headright System -Indentured Servants (60% of Pop.) -Slaves
-The New England Colonies -The Puritan Migration Brought Thousands to the “Bible Commonwealth” -Dissidents Expelled; Founded New Colonies -Rhode Island -Roger Williams (Providence) -Anne Hutchinson (Portsmouth), Belief in Antinomianism -Charter from Parliament in 1649 Joined the Two Colonies -Connecticut -Thomas Hooker -Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) -New Hampshire (John Mason) and Maine (Sir Fernando Gorges) -New England Confederation (1643) -The Pequot War and King Philip’s War -The Halfway Covenant
-Restoration Colonies -The Carolinas -John Locke's Role -North and South (by 1729) -New York -Dutch Background -English Took It in 1664 -New Jersey Separated from NY (to Berkeley and Carteret) -Pennsylvania -William Penn (Quaker) -Holy Experiment -Frame of Government -Unrestricted Immigration -Delaware (1702) -Georgia (James Oglethorpe in 1733, for Debtors, Buffer with Sp.
Florida)
-Mercantilism
-Navigation Acts: Enumerated Goods, Bounties (Subsidies) -Salutary Neglect -Impact?
-Dominion of New England (1686) -NE + NY, NJ -James II and Gov. Andros -Leisler’s Rebellion -1688 - Glorious Revolution Killed It
-Colonial Society -Two Million by Mid-Century (from 250,000 in 1700) -Immigration: Germany, Ireland (and Africans) -High Birth Rates -Political Institutions (Some Degree of Self-Gov't) -Governor, Council, Assembly (Only RI and Conn Elected Gov) -Relaxed Voting Rights, Office Holding -Structure of Society -The …show more content…
Family -Class Differences (Less Rigid) -Role of Women -Role of Blacks -1660s - Permanence, Part of Triangular Trade -By 1750, 1/2 Va's pop, 2/3 SC! -Slave Codes -Relations with Indians -The Economy (90% Subsistence Farming) -New England Colonies -Middle Colonies -Southern Colonies -Frontier Regions -Relation to Mercantilism (Navigation Acts): 1/2 of England's World Trade with Am. Colonies! -Religion (Affected All Aspects) -How Religion Shaped Colonial Societies -Established Churches in Va (Anglican) and NE (Congregational) -Toleration Greater in RI, Pa -First Great Awakening -Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield -New Lights and Old Lights -Impact: Democratization, Emotionalism, Moral Fiber Enhanced, New Sects -Culture -Impact of European Thinkers -Locke -Philosophes -American Enlightenment Thinkers (Ben Franklin) -English Adaptations -Education -Bible Reading -"Old Deluder" Law -Harvard - 1638 -Large Majority Illiterate -Poor Richard's Almanac (1832) -Trial of Peter Zenger (1835) -Freedom of the Press
-Emergence of a National Character -Unifying Forces: Common English Institutions, Common Problems -Divisive Forces: Religion, Ethnicity, Issues: Tariffs, Currency, Land, Class Differences
Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests (1754-1787)
-Anglo-French Wars
-French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union (1754) -Treaty of Paris (1763) -Who Won? (In each's eyes…anyway)
-Reorganization of British Empire -Abandonment of Salutary Neglect, Strict Enforcement of Navigation Laws -Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) -Proclamation of 1763
-Actions and Reactions -Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act -Admiralty Courts and Writs of Assistance -Stamp Act Congress and Boycotts -Declaratory Act -Circular Letters and Committees of Correspondence -John Dickinson’s “Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania” -Boston Massacre and Gaspee Affair -Regulator Movement (NC) and the Paxton Boys (W. Pa.) -Tea Act and Boston Tea Party -Coercive or Intolerable Acts
-Justification for Rebellion -Enlightenment Ideas -Republican Ideology (Whiggery) -Virtual vs. Actual Representation -Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (1776) -Suffolk Resolves and the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
-First and Second Continental Congresses -Lexington and Concord -Battle of Bunker Hill -Olive Branch Petition to George III -Declaration of Independence -Thomas Jefferson -Grievances -Ideas
-The American Revolution -Patriots and Loyalists (Tories) -As a Civil War -Evolution or Revolution -Role of George Washington -Social Impact (Women, Blacks, Indians) -Economic Impact -Foreign Policy -Yorktown and Treaty of Paris (1783)
-Aftermath
-New State Constitutions (Democratic Features) -Articles of Confederation -Accomplishments -Weaknesses -Land Ordinances (1785 and 1787) -Shays’ Rebellion -Need for a Revision of the Articles
The Constitution and the New Republic (1787-1800)
-Drafting a New Constitution -Mount Vernon Conference and Annapolis Convention (Hamilton's Role) -Philadelphia Convention -The Delegates (Descriptors) -The Controversial Issues -The Compromises: Representation, Commerce, Executive, Slavery
-Ratification Battle -Federalists -Federalist Papers -Antifederalists -Their Arguments
-Nature of the Constitution -Federal System -Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances -Adaptability -Bill of Rights
-George Washington’s Presidency -Precedent-Setting, Cabinet, Machinery for Government, Court System Established -Hamilton’s Financial Program -Report on Public Credit -Debt Concerns and Resolutions -National Bank, Tariffs, Taxes -Foreign Affairs -Genet Affair -Jay’s (Sp - 1794) and Pinckney’s (GB - 1795) Treaties -Domestic Issues -Indian Problems -Battle of Fallen Timbers (1793) -Treaty of Greenville (1795) -Whiskey Rebellion (1794) -Western Lands -Rise of Political Parties -Federalists (Ideas, Supporters) -Democratic-Republicans (Ideas, Supporters) -Washington's Farewell Address (1796)
-John Adam’s Presidency -Troubled Abroad -XYZ Affair -The Quasi War -Troubles at Home -Naturalization Act -Alien and Sedition Acts -Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions -Compact Theory -Nullification Doctrine -Election of 1800 -Tie (to House) -12th Amendment (1804)
The Age of Jefferson (1800-1816)
-"Revolution of 1800" (How? To what extent?)
-Inaugural Address
-Republican Policy -Philosophy -Fiscal Policy -Land Policy
-Louisiana Purchase (1803) -Reasons -Impact -Exploration
-John Marshall and the Supreme Court -Last Federalist Stronghold -Marbury v. Madison -Judicial Review -Attempted Purge of Federalist Judges
-Burr Problems
-Problems Abroad -Barbary Pirates -Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) -Embargo Act (1807) and Repeal
-James Madison’s Presidency -Commercial War (Quasi War) -Nonintercourse Act (1809) -Macon’s Bill # 2 (1810) -War of 1812 -“War Hawks” -Causes (Pride, Land Hunger) -Campaigns (Canada) -Results -Hartford Convention -Impact of War of 1812 (Nationalism, Economics)
-Election of 1816
Nationalism and Economic Development (1817-1850)
-Monroe and the “Era of Good Feelings” -On the Outside: Optimism, Good Will, Nationalism -Underneath: Developing Sectional Divisiveness: Land, Tariffs, Internal Improvements, Slavery)
-Cultural Nationalism -Patriotic Themes -Early Art and Literature
-Economic Nationalism -Clay’s American System (His "Trinity") -Early Economic Growth -New Business Practices -Agriculture and Cash Crops -Early Industrialization -New Inventions and Their Impact -New Business Practices (Corp.) -Labor Issues -Tariff of 1816 (Protective) -Panic of 1819
-Supreme Court and Nationalism (Strengthened Federal Gov't, Pro-Business) -Fletcher v. Peck - Ruled a State Law Unconstitutional -Dartmouth College v. Woodward - It Reaffirmed the Sanctity of Contracts -McCulloch v. Maryland - Attempt to Tax the Bank -Gibbons v. Ogden - Interstate Commerce
-Key Domestic Issues -Realignment within the Republican Party -Growing Factionalism -Divisive Issues -Missouri Compromise (36( 30')
-Foreign Affairs -Rush-Bagot Agreement -Convention of 1818 (49th Parallel) -Florida Purchase and the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 (the Continental Treaty) -Monroe Doctrine (1823)
-Society by Mid-Century -Economic Specialization Changed Family, Other Institutions -Women, Blacks, Indians -The "Great Migration" Westward Had Begun: Manifest Destiny -The West Was Coming into It's Own!
Sectionalism (1820-1850)
-1824 Election Signaled It -Several "Sectional" Candidates -End of "Era of Good Feelings" -Adams Could Not Accomplish Much -"Corrupt Bargain" -Jackson Supporters Struck at Every Opportunity -Tariff Issues Divisive (1828)
-Paralleled Nationalism
-Sectional Differences Grew as Nation Grew!
-The Issues (Tariffs, Land, Internal Improvements, the Bank, Slavery)
-Spokesmen (W- Clay, S-Calhoun, N-Webster)
-The North -Industrial, Urban -Northeast and Northwest -First Immigration Problems and First Nativist Movement -Demographics
-The South -King Cotton -The Peculiar Institution -A Segregated Society
-The West -Rapidly Growing -Problems?
-Could the Differences Be Resolved?
Age of Jackson (1824-1840)
-Emergence of the “Common Man”, of Popular Politics
-Political Changes Had Already Begun -Expansion of Suffrage -Nominating Conventions -Return of Two-Party System -Democrats -Whigs -Popular Campaigning -Spoils System/Rotation in Office
-Election of 1828
-Jackson’s Presidency -“King Mob” -Kitchen Cabinet -Indian Policy -Indian Removal Act of 1830 -Worcester v. Georgia (1832) -Black Hawk War and the Seminole War -"Trail of Tears" -"Tariff of Abominations" -Nullification Crisis (Why? How Resolved?) -Internal Improvements and Western Lands (Distribution vs. Preemption) -The Bank War -"Pet Banks" -Specie Circular
-1836 Election -Van Buren -Independent Treasury -Panic of 1837
-1840 Election -Whig Ascendancy -Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too -Clay vs. Tyler -Preemption Act (1841) -Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
A Reform Era (1820-1860)
-Antecedents
-Puritan Idealism -Enlightenment Ideas, Sense of Mission -Jacksonian Democracy -Second Great Awakening -Timothy Dwight (Yale) -Charles Finney (Revivalism) -Utopian Communities -New Sects (Mormons, Etc.)
-Changes in the Arts -Transcendentalism -Emerson and Thoreau -The Hudson River School (George Bingham, Frederick Church) -American Literature (the "Notables")
-Reforming Society -From Using Persuasion to Using Collective Action -Temperance Movement (1826 - American Temperance Society) -Educational Reform (Horace Mann and Massachusetts) -Women’s Movement (Opposed to the "Cult of Domesticity") -Goals -Key Leaders -Seneca Falls Convention (1848) -Abolition Movement (1817 - American Colonization Society) -Goals -Key Leaders (Garrison, Douglas, Turner) -Underground Railroad -Impact -Communal Societies (Utopian Societies, Etc.) -Other Movements (Dorothea Dix, American Peace Society)
An Age of Expansion (1830-1860)
-Driven by Manifest Destiny
-Pros and Cons?
-Conflicts over Texas, Maine, Oregon
-Election of 1844 -James K. Polk (His Goals) -Expansionist Fever
-Mexican War -Causes -Key Events -Results
-Expansion Elsewhere -Gadsden Purchase -Mormons and Utah -Outside Our Borders: Trade with China and Japan, Ostend Manifesto (Cuba)
Road to the Civil War (1848-1860)
-Four Main Issues -Slavery -Nature of the Union -"Compact Theory" vs. "Contract Theory" -Economic Differences -Extremism
-Presidential Politics and the Issues -1848 Election -1852 Election -1856 Election
-Key Events -Compromise of 1850 -Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) -Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) (Freeport Doctrine) -“Bleeding Kansas” (1856) -Dred Scott Case (1857) -Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) -Harper’s Ferry (1859)
-Election of 1860 -Democratic Split -Lincoln
-Secession
-Who and Why -Attempts at Compromise Failed (Crittenden Plan)
The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)
-Advantages and Disadvantages
-Key Battles -Ft. Sumter -Bull Run -Antietam -Gettysburg -Vicksburg
-Northern Politics
-Foreign Policy (North and South) -Trent Affair -British Aid -Emancipation Proclamation
-Key Events
-Impact
-Political -Economic -Social
-Reconstruction
-Who’s in Charge? -Presidential vs. Congressional Reconstruction -Rationale -The Specifics of the Plans
-Radical Reconstruction -Southern Recalcitrance -Fourteenth Amendment -Reconstruction Act of 1867 -Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
-Grant’s Presidency -Political Issues -Republican Ascendancy -Scandals -Grantism -Reconstruction Policies
-Reconstruction Winds Down -Freedmen’s Bureau -Carpetbaggers and Scalawags -Costs -New State Constitutions -Status of Freed Slaves -Election of 1876 -Compromise of 1877
-Impact of Reconstruction -Political -On North -On South -Economic -Social -Southern Society -Southern Politics and Economy
The Last West and the New South
-Settling the Last Frontier -Motives? -Subjugating the Indians -Changing Policies -The Indian Wars (Sand Creek, Little Big Horn, Wounded Knee) -Dawes Act of 1887 (Assimilation) -Groups that Settled the West (especially…impact) -Mining Frontier (49'ers, Comstock Lode) -Cattle Kingdom (Long Drive, Cow Towns, Joseph McCoy, Joseph Glidden) -Great Plains Farming -Homestead Act -Problems and Solutions -Organization -The Grange and Farmers' Alliances -The Granger Laws -Interstate Commerce Act (1887) -The Transcontinental Railroad -Construction Issues -Impact
-Turner’s Thesis (Ideas)
-The New South -Economic Changes -Myth and Reality -Southern Society -The Social Ladder -Segregation -Jim Crow Laws -Black Codes -Plessy v. Ferguson -Responses -Booker T. Washington -W.E.B. DuBois
The Gilded Age
-Second Industrial Revolution
-Civil War as a Stimulus
-Factors Promoting Ind. Growth
-Big Business (Pro and Con) -Models -Railroads -Oil and Steel -Business Practices (Pools, Trusts, etc.) -Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
-Laissez-Faire Capitalism -Justification -Social Darwinism -Gospel of Wealth -Horatio Alger (Myth) -"Captains of Industry" -Opposition -The Writers -Reform Darwinism -"Robber Barons"
-Impact of Industrialization -Economic -Social -Political
-The Labor Movement -National Unions (Knights, AFL) -Strikes -Great Railroad Strike -Haymarket -Homestead -Pullman -Reaction
-Gilded Age Society -“New Immigrants” -Nativism -Urbanization
-Awakening of Reform -Criticism (of the times) -Eugene Debs -Thorstein Veblen -Henry George’s Progress and Poverty (Single Tax) -Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward (Socialism) -Pragmatism -Settlement House Movement (Jane Addams) -Social Gospel -Reform Movements -Religion (Salvation Army, Christian Science) -Temperance (WCTU, Anti-Saloon League) -Education (90% Literacy Rate) -Susan B. Anthony and the Suffrage Movement -Culture -Realism and Naturalism in Literature -Painting (Ashcan School) -Popular Culture (Sports, Circus)
-Politics in the Gilded Age -Party Politics (Machines) -Tammany Hall -Standpatism -Politics of Equilibrium -Issues: Currency, Tariffs, Immigration, Civil Service, Trusts -Presidential Politics -Grant’s Presidency -Hayes’ Presidency -Garfield and Arthur -Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland Again -Growing Discontent -Early Reform -Stalwarts and Halfbreeds -Mugwumps and Goo-Goos -Civil Service Reform -The Populist Movement -Goals -Omaha Platform
-Panic of 1893
-Election of 1896 (Battle of the Standards) -Candidates -Results -Impact
The Progressive Era
-Who Were They? What Did They Want?
-Antecedents
-Progressive Philosophy
-Muckraking
-Reform Movements -Urban Reform -Municipal and State Political Reform -City Commission, City Manager -Robert LaFollette’s Wisconsin Idea -Direct Primary, Initiative, Recall, Referendum, Secret Ballot Amendments 16, 17, 18, 19 -Social Justice Movements -Temperance -Women -Civil Rights for Blacks -Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois
-The Progressive Presidents -T. Roosevelt -Square Deal -Trust-Busting (Northern Securities Case) -Business Regulation -Consumer Protection -Labor (Coal Strike) -Conservation -W.H. Taft -Furthering Progressivism -Angering the Progressives -1912 Election -W. Wilson -New Freedom -Tariff and Banking Reform -Business Regulation -Labor
-Accomplishments of the Progressives -Political -Economic -Social
Becoming a World Power
-Pre-1890s Policy -Trade-Related -French in Mexico -Alabama Claims and Treaty of Washington -Alaska Purchase -Settling Disputes in L.A. (Chile and Venezuela)
-The “New Imperialism” -Causes -Effects -Opposition
-Spanish-American War (1898) -Causes -Key Events -Effects
-Post-Sp-Am War Foreign Policy -In Asia -Annexing the Philippines -Open Door Policy -Problems with Japan -In Latin America -Policy -Examples -The Expansionist Presidents -Roosevelt (Gunboat Diplomacy) -Panama Canal -Roosevelt Corollary -Arbitration -Taft (Dollar Diplomacy) -Wilson (Moral Diplomacy) -Watchful Waiting in Mexico -WWI Related Policy
The U.S. in World War I (1914 – 1918)
-European Background
-Reasons for U.S. Entry -Strained Neutrality -Lusitania -Economic Reasons -Zimmermann Note
-The Homefront -Mobilization Problems and Solutions -Impact of Mobilization -Social Fabric Concerns
-American Contributions to the War
-Paris Peace Conference -Fourteen Points -Treaty of Versailles -League of Nations
-Treaty Battle -Objections -Article X -Henry Cabot Lodge -1920 Election (Return to Normalcy)
-WWI’s Impact -Political -Economic -Social
America in the 1920s
-Demobilization
-Strikes of 1919
-Red Scare
-Presidential Politics -Harding -Coolidge -Hoover
-Economics of the 1920s -Trickle Down (A. Mellon) -The Republican Formula -The Boom (Causes) -Henry Ford -The Crash (Causes)
-The Roaring Twenties -Modernism -Art and Literature of the 1920s -Georgia O’Keeffe -The “Lost Generation” -The "Revolution in Manners and Morals" -Divisions in Society -Immigration Restriction -Fundamentalism -Scopes’ Trial (Clarence Darrow vs. WJ Bryan) -Racism (Red Summer, KKK) -Harlem Renaissance -Prohibition and Lawlessness -Reactionism -Escapism -Hero Worship -Movie Stars -Sports Stars -Charles Lindbergh -Mass Culture
-20s Foreign Policy -Isolation (Myth) -Debts and Reparations -Washington Conference -Dawes Act -Kellogg-Briand Pact -Good Neighbor Policy
Depression and New Deal
-Causes of the Stock Market Crash
-Causes of the Great Depression
-Effects of the Great Depression
-Hoover and the Depression -Philosophy -Hawley-Smoot Tariff -Debt Moratorium -Federal Farm Board -RFC -Opposition (Bonus March, Farmers' Holiday Association)
-1932 Election
-The New Deal -FDR’s Philosophy -Programs (3 R’s) -Monetary Reform (Banking, Market, Gold) -Relief Measures (PWA, WPA, etc.) -Recovery Measures -NRA -AAA -Reform Measures -SEC -FDIC -Social Security -Opposition -TVA (Creeping Socialism) -Liberty League -Townsend, Long, Coughlin
-Second New Deal -Social Security -Wealth Tax -Court Packing -Party Purge
-End of the New Deal
-Life During the Depression -Women -Blacks -Hispanics -Indians
-Legacy of the New Deal -Political -Economic -Social
World War II (1941 – 1945)
-Road to War -30s Foreign Policy -Recognition of USSR -Reciprocal Trade Agreements -Good Neighbor Policy -American Isolationism -"Merchants of Death" Investigations -Neutrality Acts -Quarantine Speech
-Panay Incident
-America First Committee
-Steps to War -Appeasement vs. Aggression -Manchurian Incident and Ethiopia -Rhineland and Anschluss -Munich Conference (Appeasement) -Nonaggression Pact -Poland
-American Neutrality -“Cash and Carry” -Destroyers-for-Bases Deal
-Moving from Neutrality -1940 Election -Four Freedoms Speech -Lend-Lease Program -Atlantic Charter -Pearl Harbor
-The Homefront -Political -Economic -Social -Japanese Internment -Gains for Women and Blacks
-War Stars (Eisenhower, Patton, Omar Bradley, Chester Nimitz)
-The Battlefront -North Africa -Sicily and Italy -D-Day -Battle of the Bulge -V-E Day -Midway -Island Hopping -Iwo Jima and Okinawa -Manhattan Project -V-J Day
-Wartime Diplomacy -The Grand Alliance -Wartime Conferences -Yalta -Potsdam
-Impact of the War -Political -Economic -Social -The Holocaust
The Cold War
-Origins
-Conflicting Ideologies -Mistrust and Misunderstanding
-Truman and the Cold War -Containment -National Defense Act -Truman Doctrine -Marshall Plan -Berlin Airlift -NATO -Fall of China -Korean War -Rebuilding Japan
-The Red Scare -Loyalty Review Board -HUAC -Hiss Case -The Rosenbergs -McCarthyism
-Eisenhower and the Cold War -The New Look -Asia -Ending the Korean War -Indochina -Geneva Conference -SEATO -Advisory Role -Ngo Dinh Diem -NLF -China (Formosa Crisis) -Middle East -Iran (Operation Ajax) -Egypt and the Suez Crisis -Eisenhower Doctrine -Lebanon -Europe -Berlin -Poland and Hungary -Latin America -Guatemala and Cuba -Nixon’s Trip -Détente and Back Again -Spirit of Geneva -Sputnik (1957) -MAD -U-2 Incident -Military Industrial Complex
American Society: 1945 – 1960
-Demobilization
-GI Bill
-Employment Act of 1946
-Republican Resurgence -1946 Elections -Undoing the New Deal -Taft-Hartley Act
-1948 Election
-The Fair Deal -Accomplishments -Left Undone
-Postwar Economy -Affluence -Boom -Realities
-1952 Election
-Modern Republicanism
-Postwar Society -Demographic Changes -Population Boom -Suburbs, Sunbelt -Age of Affluence -Civil Rights -Changing Attitudes -Brown v.
Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas -Montgomery Bus Boycott -Little Rock Crisis -Women -Hispanics -Popular Culture -Conformity and Criticism -Television -The “Beats”
America in the 1960s
-Election of 1960
-Kennedy’s Foreign Policy -Flexible Response -Cuba (Bay of Pigs, Missile Crisis) -Vienna Summit -Berlin Wall -Arms Control (Test Ban Treaty) -Vietnam (Limited Partnership) -Green Berets -Counterinsurgency -Assassination of Diem
-Kennedy’s Domestic Policy -New Frontier -Economic Policy -Space Program -Civil Rights -Freedom Rides -James Meredith -Birmingham Campaign -March on Washington
-The Assassination
-All the Way with LBJ -War on Poverty -1964 Election -The Great Society -Accomplishments -Opposition -Judicial Activism (Warren Court) -Foreign Policy -Dominican Republic -Vietnam -Americanization -Tonkin Gulf Incident -Operation Rolling Thunder -Tet Offensive -Antiwar Protests -March 1968 Events -Civil Rights -Freedom Summer -Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims -24th Amendment -Selma Campaign -Voting Rights Act of
1965 -Black Power Movement -Watts -Malcolm X -Why the Change -Impact -Backlash -King’s Assassination -Backlash!
-Society in the 60s -Civil Rights Movement -Hispanics, Native Americans, Women, Youth/Counterculture -Environmental Movement -Earth Day -EPA
The Nixon Era
-1968 Election
-Nixon’s Domestic Policy -New Federalism -Economic Policy -Accommodation -26th Amendment -Southern Strategy -Law and Order -The Burger Court -Watergate -Dirty Tricks -Cover-up and Uncovering -Resignation -Impact -War Powers Act -Election Reform
-Nixon’s Foreign Policy -Realpolitik -Rapprochement and Détente -SALT I -Vietnam Policy -Vietnamization -Cambodia and Kent State -1972 Events -Paris Peace Accords
-Ford
-Economic Policy -WIN -Foreign Policy (SALT II, Mayaguez, Helsinki Accords) -1976 Election
America Since 1976
-Carter -Energy Crisis, Energy Policy -Stagflation Policy -Crisis of Confidence -Foreign Policy -Human Rights -Latin America -Panama Canal Treaties -Nicaragua and El Salvador -Middle East -Camp David Accords -Iran Hostage Crisis -Return of the Cold War -SALT II -Afghanistan -U.S. Reaction
-Reagan
-The Reagan Revolution (Pol, Eco, Soc) -The New Right -The New Federalism (Again) -Economic Policy (Reaganomics) -Social Policy (Retreat from Liberalism) -Reagan’s Foreign Policy -Soviet Policy and Arms Control -Cold War Policy -Breakup of the USSR -Latin America -Grenada -El Salvador and Nicaragua -Middle East -Lebanon -Combating Terrorism -Iran-Contra Affair
-Bush
-Economic Policy -Social Policy -Foreign Policy -New World Order -Operation Just Cause (Panama) -Desert Shield and Desert Storm -NAFTA
-1992 Election -Issues -Results
This is intended to be a guide for your exam review. A candidate needs to get about 60% of the 80 multiple choice questions correct to have a good chance to pass the AP Exam (plus 5/6 on each of the three essays). The questions are designed to test your understanding of different aspects of U.S. history: political/diplomatic, social/economic, cultural/ intellectual. It is not EASY! Prepare Well!
Exploration, Discovery, and Settlement
-Europe in the Sixteenth Century
-Significant Events Leading to the Age of Exploration -The Crusades and Their Impact -Renaissance and Reformation (Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII/Anglicanism) -Rise of Nation States -The Portuguese Background (Prince Henry, Da Gama) -Spanish …show more content…
Claims to the New World (Columbus, etc.) -French Claims (Verrazano, Quebec) -Dutch Claims (Hudson, Patroons) -English Claims -The Commercial Revolution -The Geographic Revolution
-Early English Settlement -Motives -Political and Religious Motives -Economic Reasons: Enclosure, Mercantilism, Joint Stock Companies -Social Motives -Pre-Jamestown -Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) -Early Efforts -Jamestown - 1607 -Early Problems -The "Starving Time" -John Smith, John Rolfe, Pocahontas -Tobacco -The Puritan Colonies -Early Problems -Pilgrims and Plymouth (1620) -Massachusetts Bay (1630) -John Winthrop - "City on a Hill" -Early Political Institutions -Mayflower Compact -House of Burgesses -Town Meetings -Relations with the Indians -Spain and France -The English -The Columbian Exchange
British (Colonial) America (1607-1750)
(Be able to name the 13 and divide them into regions)
-Types of Colonies -Proprietary -Corporate -Royal
-The Chesapeake Colonies -Maryland -Lord Baltimore -Act of Toleration -Virginia -1619 Events -Gov. Berkeley’s Policies -Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) -Headright System -Indentured Servants (60% of Pop.) -Slaves
-The New England Colonies -The Puritan Migration Brought Thousands to the “Bible Commonwealth” -Dissidents Expelled; Founded New Colonies -Rhode Island -Roger Williams (Providence) -Anne Hutchinson (Portsmouth), Belief in Antinomianism -Charter from Parliament in 1649 Joined the Two Colonies -Connecticut -Thomas Hooker -Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) -New Hampshire (John Mason) and Maine (Sir Fernando Gorges) -New England Confederation (1643) -The Pequot War and King Philip’s War -The Halfway Covenant
-Restoration Colonies -The Carolinas -John Locke's Role -North and South (by 1729) -New York -Dutch Background -English Took It in 1664 -New Jersey Separated from NY (to Berkeley and Carteret) -Pennsylvania -William Penn (Quaker) -Holy Experiment -Frame of Government -Unrestricted Immigration -Delaware (1702) -Georgia (James Oglethorpe in 1733, for Debtors, Buffer with Sp.
Florida)
-Mercantilism
-Navigation Acts: Enumerated Goods, Bounties (Subsidies) -Salutary Neglect -Impact?
-Dominion of New England (1686) -NE + NY, NJ -James II and Gov. Andros -Leisler’s Rebellion -1688 - Glorious Revolution Killed It
-Colonial Society -Two Million by Mid-Century (from 250,000 in 1700) -Immigration: Germany, Ireland (and Africans) -High Birth Rates -Political Institutions (Some Degree of Self-Gov't) -Governor, Council, Assembly (Only RI and Conn Elected Gov) -Relaxed Voting Rights, Office Holding -Structure of Society -The …show more content…
Family -Class Differences (Less Rigid) -Role of Women -Role of Blacks -1660s - Permanence, Part of Triangular Trade -By 1750, 1/2 Va's pop, 2/3 SC! -Slave Codes -Relations with Indians -The Economy (90% Subsistence Farming) -New England Colonies -Middle Colonies -Southern Colonies -Frontier Regions -Relation to Mercantilism (Navigation Acts): 1/2 of England's World Trade with Am. Colonies! -Religion (Affected All Aspects) -How Religion Shaped Colonial Societies -Established Churches in Va (Anglican) and NE (Congregational) -Toleration Greater in RI, Pa -First Great Awakening -Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield -New Lights and Old Lights -Impact: Democratization, Emotionalism, Moral Fiber Enhanced, New Sects -Culture -Impact of European Thinkers -Locke -Philosophes -American Enlightenment Thinkers (Ben Franklin) -English Adaptations -Education -Bible Reading -"Old Deluder" Law -Harvard - 1638 -Large Majority Illiterate -Poor Richard's Almanac (1832) -Trial of Peter Zenger (1835) -Freedom of the Press
-Emergence of a National Character -Unifying Forces: Common English Institutions, Common Problems -Divisive Forces: Religion, Ethnicity, Issues: Tariffs, Currency, Land, Class Differences
Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests (1754-1787)
-Anglo-French Wars
-French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union (1754) -Treaty of Paris (1763) -Who Won? (In each's eyes…anyway)
-Reorganization of British Empire -Abandonment of Salutary Neglect, Strict Enforcement of Navigation Laws -Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) -Proclamation of 1763
-Actions and Reactions -Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act -Admiralty Courts and Writs of Assistance -Stamp Act Congress and Boycotts -Declaratory Act -Circular Letters and Committees of Correspondence -John Dickinson’s “Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania” -Boston Massacre and Gaspee Affair -Regulator Movement (NC) and the Paxton Boys (W. Pa.) -Tea Act and Boston Tea Party -Coercive or Intolerable Acts
-Justification for Rebellion -Enlightenment Ideas -Republican Ideology (Whiggery) -Virtual vs. Actual Representation -Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (1776) -Suffolk Resolves and the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
-First and Second Continental Congresses -Lexington and Concord -Battle of Bunker Hill -Olive Branch Petition to George III -Declaration of Independence -Thomas Jefferson -Grievances -Ideas
-The American Revolution -Patriots and Loyalists (Tories) -As a Civil War -Evolution or Revolution -Role of George Washington -Social Impact (Women, Blacks, Indians) -Economic Impact -Foreign Policy -Yorktown and Treaty of Paris (1783)
-Aftermath
-New State Constitutions (Democratic Features) -Articles of Confederation -Accomplishments -Weaknesses -Land Ordinances (1785 and 1787) -Shays’ Rebellion -Need for a Revision of the Articles
The Constitution and the New Republic (1787-1800)
-Drafting a New Constitution -Mount Vernon Conference and Annapolis Convention (Hamilton's Role) -Philadelphia Convention -The Delegates (Descriptors) -The Controversial Issues -The Compromises: Representation, Commerce, Executive, Slavery
-Ratification Battle -Federalists -Federalist Papers -Antifederalists -Their Arguments
-Nature of the Constitution -Federal System -Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances -Adaptability -Bill of Rights
-George Washington’s Presidency -Precedent-Setting, Cabinet, Machinery for Government, Court System Established -Hamilton’s Financial Program -Report on Public Credit -Debt Concerns and Resolutions -National Bank, Tariffs, Taxes -Foreign Affairs -Genet Affair -Jay’s (Sp - 1794) and Pinckney’s (GB - 1795) Treaties -Domestic Issues -Indian Problems -Battle of Fallen Timbers (1793) -Treaty of Greenville (1795) -Whiskey Rebellion (1794) -Western Lands -Rise of Political Parties -Federalists (Ideas, Supporters) -Democratic-Republicans (Ideas, Supporters) -Washington's Farewell Address (1796)
-John Adam’s Presidency -Troubled Abroad -XYZ Affair -The Quasi War -Troubles at Home -Naturalization Act -Alien and Sedition Acts -Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions -Compact Theory -Nullification Doctrine -Election of 1800 -Tie (to House) -12th Amendment (1804)
The Age of Jefferson (1800-1816)
-"Revolution of 1800" (How? To what extent?)
-Inaugural Address
-Republican Policy -Philosophy -Fiscal Policy -Land Policy
-Louisiana Purchase (1803) -Reasons -Impact -Exploration
-John Marshall and the Supreme Court -Last Federalist Stronghold -Marbury v. Madison -Judicial Review -Attempted Purge of Federalist Judges
-Burr Problems
-Problems Abroad -Barbary Pirates -Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) -Embargo Act (1807) and Repeal
-James Madison’s Presidency -Commercial War (Quasi War) -Nonintercourse Act (1809) -Macon’s Bill # 2 (1810) -War of 1812 -“War Hawks” -Causes (Pride, Land Hunger) -Campaigns (Canada) -Results -Hartford Convention -Impact of War of 1812 (Nationalism, Economics)
-Election of 1816
Nationalism and Economic Development (1817-1850)
-Monroe and the “Era of Good Feelings” -On the Outside: Optimism, Good Will, Nationalism -Underneath: Developing Sectional Divisiveness: Land, Tariffs, Internal Improvements, Slavery)
-Cultural Nationalism -Patriotic Themes -Early Art and Literature
-Economic Nationalism -Clay’s American System (His "Trinity") -Early Economic Growth -New Business Practices -Agriculture and Cash Crops -Early Industrialization -New Inventions and Their Impact -New Business Practices (Corp.) -Labor Issues -Tariff of 1816 (Protective) -Panic of 1819
-Supreme Court and Nationalism (Strengthened Federal Gov't, Pro-Business) -Fletcher v. Peck - Ruled a State Law Unconstitutional -Dartmouth College v. Woodward - It Reaffirmed the Sanctity of Contracts -McCulloch v. Maryland - Attempt to Tax the Bank -Gibbons v. Ogden - Interstate Commerce
-Key Domestic Issues -Realignment within the Republican Party -Growing Factionalism -Divisive Issues -Missouri Compromise (36( 30')
-Foreign Affairs -Rush-Bagot Agreement -Convention of 1818 (49th Parallel) -Florida Purchase and the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 (the Continental Treaty) -Monroe Doctrine (1823)
-Society by Mid-Century -Economic Specialization Changed Family, Other Institutions -Women, Blacks, Indians -The "Great Migration" Westward Had Begun: Manifest Destiny -The West Was Coming into It's Own!
Sectionalism (1820-1850)
-1824 Election Signaled It -Several "Sectional" Candidates -End of "Era of Good Feelings" -Adams Could Not Accomplish Much -"Corrupt Bargain" -Jackson Supporters Struck at Every Opportunity -Tariff Issues Divisive (1828)
-Paralleled Nationalism
-Sectional Differences Grew as Nation Grew!
-The Issues (Tariffs, Land, Internal Improvements, the Bank, Slavery)
-Spokesmen (W- Clay, S-Calhoun, N-Webster)
-The North -Industrial, Urban -Northeast and Northwest -First Immigration Problems and First Nativist Movement -Demographics
-The South -King Cotton -The Peculiar Institution -A Segregated Society
-The West -Rapidly Growing -Problems?
-Could the Differences Be Resolved?
Age of Jackson (1824-1840)
-Emergence of the “Common Man”, of Popular Politics
-Political Changes Had Already Begun -Expansion of Suffrage -Nominating Conventions -Return of Two-Party System -Democrats -Whigs -Popular Campaigning -Spoils System/Rotation in Office
-Election of 1828
-Jackson’s Presidency -“King Mob” -Kitchen Cabinet -Indian Policy -Indian Removal Act of 1830 -Worcester v. Georgia (1832) -Black Hawk War and the Seminole War -"Trail of Tears" -"Tariff of Abominations" -Nullification Crisis (Why? How Resolved?) -Internal Improvements and Western Lands (Distribution vs. Preemption) -The Bank War -"Pet Banks" -Specie Circular
-1836 Election -Van Buren -Independent Treasury -Panic of 1837
-1840 Election -Whig Ascendancy -Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too -Clay vs. Tyler -Preemption Act (1841) -Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
A Reform Era (1820-1860)
-Antecedents
-Puritan Idealism -Enlightenment Ideas, Sense of Mission -Jacksonian Democracy -Second Great Awakening -Timothy Dwight (Yale) -Charles Finney (Revivalism) -Utopian Communities -New Sects (Mormons, Etc.)
-Changes in the Arts -Transcendentalism -Emerson and Thoreau -The Hudson River School (George Bingham, Frederick Church) -American Literature (the "Notables")
-Reforming Society -From Using Persuasion to Using Collective Action -Temperance Movement (1826 - American Temperance Society) -Educational Reform (Horace Mann and Massachusetts) -Women’s Movement (Opposed to the "Cult of Domesticity") -Goals -Key Leaders -Seneca Falls Convention (1848) -Abolition Movement (1817 - American Colonization Society) -Goals -Key Leaders (Garrison, Douglas, Turner) -Underground Railroad -Impact -Communal Societies (Utopian Societies, Etc.) -Other Movements (Dorothea Dix, American Peace Society)
An Age of Expansion (1830-1860)
-Driven by Manifest Destiny
-Pros and Cons?
-Conflicts over Texas, Maine, Oregon
-Election of 1844 -James K. Polk (His Goals) -Expansionist Fever
-Mexican War -Causes -Key Events -Results
-Expansion Elsewhere -Gadsden Purchase -Mormons and Utah -Outside Our Borders: Trade with China and Japan, Ostend Manifesto (Cuba)
Road to the Civil War (1848-1860)
-Four Main Issues -Slavery -Nature of the Union -"Compact Theory" vs. "Contract Theory" -Economic Differences -Extremism
-Presidential Politics and the Issues -1848 Election -1852 Election -1856 Election
-Key Events -Compromise of 1850 -Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) -Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) (Freeport Doctrine) -“Bleeding Kansas” (1856) -Dred Scott Case (1857) -Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) -Harper’s Ferry (1859)
-Election of 1860 -Democratic Split -Lincoln
-Secession
-Who and Why -Attempts at Compromise Failed (Crittenden Plan)
The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)
-Advantages and Disadvantages
-Key Battles -Ft. Sumter -Bull Run -Antietam -Gettysburg -Vicksburg
-Northern Politics
-Foreign Policy (North and South) -Trent Affair -British Aid -Emancipation Proclamation
-Key Events
-Impact
-Political -Economic -Social
-Reconstruction
-Who’s in Charge? -Presidential vs. Congressional Reconstruction -Rationale -The Specifics of the Plans
-Radical Reconstruction -Southern Recalcitrance -Fourteenth Amendment -Reconstruction Act of 1867 -Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
-Grant’s Presidency -Political Issues -Republican Ascendancy -Scandals -Grantism -Reconstruction Policies
-Reconstruction Winds Down -Freedmen’s Bureau -Carpetbaggers and Scalawags -Costs -New State Constitutions -Status of Freed Slaves -Election of 1876 -Compromise of 1877
-Impact of Reconstruction -Political -On North -On South -Economic -Social -Southern Society -Southern Politics and Economy
The Last West and the New South
-Settling the Last Frontier -Motives? -Subjugating the Indians -Changing Policies -The Indian Wars (Sand Creek, Little Big Horn, Wounded Knee) -Dawes Act of 1887 (Assimilation) -Groups that Settled the West (especially…impact) -Mining Frontier (49'ers, Comstock Lode) -Cattle Kingdom (Long Drive, Cow Towns, Joseph McCoy, Joseph Glidden) -Great Plains Farming -Homestead Act -Problems and Solutions -Organization -The Grange and Farmers' Alliances -The Granger Laws -Interstate Commerce Act (1887) -The Transcontinental Railroad -Construction Issues -Impact
-Turner’s Thesis (Ideas)
-The New South -Economic Changes -Myth and Reality -Southern Society -The Social Ladder -Segregation -Jim Crow Laws -Black Codes -Plessy v. Ferguson -Responses -Booker T. Washington -W.E.B. DuBois
The Gilded Age
-Second Industrial Revolution
-Civil War as a Stimulus
-Factors Promoting Ind. Growth
-Big Business (Pro and Con) -Models -Railroads -Oil and Steel -Business Practices (Pools, Trusts, etc.) -Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
-Laissez-Faire Capitalism -Justification -Social Darwinism -Gospel of Wealth -Horatio Alger (Myth) -"Captains of Industry" -Opposition -The Writers -Reform Darwinism -"Robber Barons"
-Impact of Industrialization -Economic -Social -Political
-The Labor Movement -National Unions (Knights, AFL) -Strikes -Great Railroad Strike -Haymarket -Homestead -Pullman -Reaction
-Gilded Age Society -“New Immigrants” -Nativism -Urbanization
-Awakening of Reform -Criticism (of the times) -Eugene Debs -Thorstein Veblen -Henry George’s Progress and Poverty (Single Tax) -Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward (Socialism) -Pragmatism -Settlement House Movement (Jane Addams) -Social Gospel -Reform Movements -Religion (Salvation Army, Christian Science) -Temperance (WCTU, Anti-Saloon League) -Education (90% Literacy Rate) -Susan B. Anthony and the Suffrage Movement -Culture -Realism and Naturalism in Literature -Painting (Ashcan School) -Popular Culture (Sports, Circus)
-Politics in the Gilded Age -Party Politics (Machines) -Tammany Hall -Standpatism -Politics of Equilibrium -Issues: Currency, Tariffs, Immigration, Civil Service, Trusts -Presidential Politics -Grant’s Presidency -Hayes’ Presidency -Garfield and Arthur -Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland Again -Growing Discontent -Early Reform -Stalwarts and Halfbreeds -Mugwumps and Goo-Goos -Civil Service Reform -The Populist Movement -Goals -Omaha Platform
-Panic of 1893
-Election of 1896 (Battle of the Standards) -Candidates -Results -Impact
The Progressive Era
-Who Were They? What Did They Want?
-Antecedents
-Progressive Philosophy
-Muckraking
-Reform Movements -Urban Reform -Municipal and State Political Reform -City Commission, City Manager -Robert LaFollette’s Wisconsin Idea -Direct Primary, Initiative, Recall, Referendum, Secret Ballot Amendments 16, 17, 18, 19 -Social Justice Movements -Temperance -Women -Civil Rights for Blacks -Booker T. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois
-The Progressive Presidents -T. Roosevelt -Square Deal -Trust-Busting (Northern Securities Case) -Business Regulation -Consumer Protection -Labor (Coal Strike) -Conservation -W.H. Taft -Furthering Progressivism -Angering the Progressives -1912 Election -W. Wilson -New Freedom -Tariff and Banking Reform -Business Regulation -Labor
-Accomplishments of the Progressives -Political -Economic -Social
Becoming a World Power
-Pre-1890s Policy -Trade-Related -French in Mexico -Alabama Claims and Treaty of Washington -Alaska Purchase -Settling Disputes in L.A. (Chile and Venezuela)
-The “New Imperialism” -Causes -Effects -Opposition
-Spanish-American War (1898) -Causes -Key Events -Effects
-Post-Sp-Am War Foreign Policy -In Asia -Annexing the Philippines -Open Door Policy -Problems with Japan -In Latin America -Policy -Examples -The Expansionist Presidents -Roosevelt (Gunboat Diplomacy) -Panama Canal -Roosevelt Corollary -Arbitration -Taft (Dollar Diplomacy) -Wilson (Moral Diplomacy) -Watchful Waiting in Mexico -WWI Related Policy
The U.S. in World War I (1914 – 1918)
-European Background
-Reasons for U.S. Entry -Strained Neutrality -Lusitania -Economic Reasons -Zimmermann Note
-The Homefront -Mobilization Problems and Solutions -Impact of Mobilization -Social Fabric Concerns
-American Contributions to the War
-Paris Peace Conference -Fourteen Points -Treaty of Versailles -League of Nations
-Treaty Battle -Objections -Article X -Henry Cabot Lodge -1920 Election (Return to Normalcy)
-WWI’s Impact -Political -Economic -Social
America in the 1920s
-Demobilization
-Strikes of 1919
-Red Scare
-Presidential Politics -Harding -Coolidge -Hoover
-Economics of the 1920s -Trickle Down (A. Mellon) -The Republican Formula -The Boom (Causes) -Henry Ford -The Crash (Causes)
-The Roaring Twenties -Modernism -Art and Literature of the 1920s -Georgia O’Keeffe -The “Lost Generation” -The "Revolution in Manners and Morals" -Divisions in Society -Immigration Restriction -Fundamentalism -Scopes’ Trial (Clarence Darrow vs. WJ Bryan) -Racism (Red Summer, KKK) -Harlem Renaissance -Prohibition and Lawlessness -Reactionism -Escapism -Hero Worship -Movie Stars -Sports Stars -Charles Lindbergh -Mass Culture
-20s Foreign Policy -Isolation (Myth) -Debts and Reparations -Washington Conference -Dawes Act -Kellogg-Briand Pact -Good Neighbor Policy
Depression and New Deal
-Causes of the Stock Market Crash
-Causes of the Great Depression
-Effects of the Great Depression
-Hoover and the Depression -Philosophy -Hawley-Smoot Tariff -Debt Moratorium -Federal Farm Board -RFC -Opposition (Bonus March, Farmers' Holiday Association)
-1932 Election
-The New Deal -FDR’s Philosophy -Programs (3 R’s) -Monetary Reform (Banking, Market, Gold) -Relief Measures (PWA, WPA, etc.) -Recovery Measures -NRA -AAA -Reform Measures -SEC -FDIC -Social Security -Opposition -TVA (Creeping Socialism) -Liberty League -Townsend, Long, Coughlin
-Second New Deal -Social Security -Wealth Tax -Court Packing -Party Purge
-End of the New Deal
-Life During the Depression -Women -Blacks -Hispanics -Indians
-Legacy of the New Deal -Political -Economic -Social
World War II (1941 – 1945)
-Road to War -30s Foreign Policy -Recognition of USSR -Reciprocal Trade Agreements -Good Neighbor Policy -American Isolationism -"Merchants of Death" Investigations -Neutrality Acts -Quarantine Speech
-Panay Incident
-America First Committee
-Steps to War -Appeasement vs. Aggression -Manchurian Incident and Ethiopia -Rhineland and Anschluss -Munich Conference (Appeasement) -Nonaggression Pact -Poland
-American Neutrality -“Cash and Carry” -Destroyers-for-Bases Deal
-Moving from Neutrality -1940 Election -Four Freedoms Speech -Lend-Lease Program -Atlantic Charter -Pearl Harbor
-The Homefront -Political -Economic -Social -Japanese Internment -Gains for Women and Blacks
-War Stars (Eisenhower, Patton, Omar Bradley, Chester Nimitz)
-The Battlefront -North Africa -Sicily and Italy -D-Day -Battle of the Bulge -V-E Day -Midway -Island Hopping -Iwo Jima and Okinawa -Manhattan Project -V-J Day
-Wartime Diplomacy -The Grand Alliance -Wartime Conferences -Yalta -Potsdam
-Impact of the War -Political -Economic -Social -The Holocaust
The Cold War
-Origins
-Conflicting Ideologies -Mistrust and Misunderstanding
-Truman and the Cold War -Containment -National Defense Act -Truman Doctrine -Marshall Plan -Berlin Airlift -NATO -Fall of China -Korean War -Rebuilding Japan
-The Red Scare -Loyalty Review Board -HUAC -Hiss Case -The Rosenbergs -McCarthyism
-Eisenhower and the Cold War -The New Look -Asia -Ending the Korean War -Indochina -Geneva Conference -SEATO -Advisory Role -Ngo Dinh Diem -NLF -China (Formosa Crisis) -Middle East -Iran (Operation Ajax) -Egypt and the Suez Crisis -Eisenhower Doctrine -Lebanon -Europe -Berlin -Poland and Hungary -Latin America -Guatemala and Cuba -Nixon’s Trip -Détente and Back Again -Spirit of Geneva -Sputnik (1957) -MAD -U-2 Incident -Military Industrial Complex
American Society: 1945 – 1960
-Demobilization
-GI Bill
-Employment Act of 1946
-Republican Resurgence -1946 Elections -Undoing the New Deal -Taft-Hartley Act
-1948 Election
-The Fair Deal -Accomplishments -Left Undone
-Postwar Economy -Affluence -Boom -Realities
-1952 Election
-Modern Republicanism
-Postwar Society -Demographic Changes -Population Boom -Suburbs, Sunbelt -Age of Affluence -Civil Rights -Changing Attitudes -Brown v.
Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas -Montgomery Bus Boycott -Little Rock Crisis -Women -Hispanics -Popular Culture -Conformity and Criticism -Television -The “Beats”
America in the 1960s
-Election of 1960
-Kennedy’s Foreign Policy -Flexible Response -Cuba (Bay of Pigs, Missile Crisis) -Vienna Summit -Berlin Wall -Arms Control (Test Ban Treaty) -Vietnam (Limited Partnership) -Green Berets -Counterinsurgency -Assassination of Diem
-Kennedy’s Domestic Policy -New Frontier -Economic Policy -Space Program -Civil Rights -Freedom Rides -James Meredith -Birmingham Campaign -March on Washington
-The Assassination
-All the Way with LBJ -War on Poverty -1964 Election -The Great Society -Accomplishments -Opposition -Judicial Activism (Warren Court) -Foreign Policy -Dominican Republic -Vietnam -Americanization -Tonkin Gulf Incident -Operation Rolling Thunder -Tet Offensive -Antiwar Protests -March 1968 Events -Civil Rights -Freedom Summer -Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims -24th Amendment -Selma Campaign -Voting Rights Act of
1965 -Black Power Movement -Watts -Malcolm X -Why the Change -Impact -Backlash -King’s Assassination -Backlash!
-Society in the 60s -Civil Rights Movement -Hispanics, Native Americans, Women, Youth/Counterculture -Environmental Movement -Earth Day -EPA
The Nixon Era
-1968 Election
-Nixon’s Domestic Policy -New Federalism -Economic Policy -Accommodation -26th Amendment -Southern Strategy -Law and Order -The Burger Court -Watergate -Dirty Tricks -Cover-up and Uncovering -Resignation -Impact -War Powers Act -Election Reform
-Nixon’s Foreign Policy -Realpolitik -Rapprochement and Détente -SALT I -Vietnam Policy -Vietnamization -Cambodia and Kent State -1972 Events -Paris Peace Accords
-Ford
-Economic Policy -WIN -Foreign Policy (SALT II, Mayaguez, Helsinki Accords) -1976 Election
America Since 1976
-Carter -Energy Crisis, Energy Policy -Stagflation Policy -Crisis of Confidence -Foreign Policy -Human Rights -Latin America -Panama Canal Treaties -Nicaragua and El Salvador -Middle East -Camp David Accords -Iran Hostage Crisis -Return of the Cold War -SALT II -Afghanistan -U.S. Reaction
-Reagan
-The Reagan Revolution (Pol, Eco, Soc) -The New Right -The New Federalism (Again) -Economic Policy (Reaganomics) -Social Policy (Retreat from Liberalism) -Reagan’s Foreign Policy -Soviet Policy and Arms Control -Cold War Policy -Breakup of the USSR -Latin America -Grenada -El Salvador and Nicaragua -Middle East -Lebanon -Combating Terrorism -Iran-Contra Affair
-Bush
-Economic Policy -Social Policy -Foreign Policy -New World Order -Operation Just Cause (Panama) -Desert Shield and Desert Storm -NAFTA
-1992 Election -Issues -Results