Andy Hepburn Research Paper
I. Biography of Artist/Famous Person (any medium)- Audrey Hepburn was a gentle and generous soul; she dedicated the greater part of her life, to bettering the lives of those less fortunate; here in the states and those abroad alike. Audrey chose to use her new found fame to enrich the lives of those living in impoverished towns and those inflicted with illness. Audrey was a woman of many talents, whom wore many hats. She has been labeled a film star, fashion icon and philanthropist. In 1929, Audrey Hepburn was born in Brussels, Belgium to aristocrats Ella van Heemstra and Joseph Victor Anthony Rusten. Ella was a Baroness, who descended from royalty of both England and France. Joseph was an Anglo Irish banker (though it has been said,
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Joseph was unable to keep a steady job and was not much of a provider). Joseph found Ella charming, elegant and as enamored to the life of luxury as he. He saw her ancient title as an easy way out, though Ella's beauty was undeniable, he had a not so secret agenda to "live off the land" of Ella's affluent predecessors. There was an aloofness to Ella in regards to her title of a royal and she did boast herself a superior. Audrey was an only child by her father, and had two half-brothers from her mother's first marriage, to a Dutch noblemen. (Spoto, 2006) Audrey nearly succumbed to whooping cough when born. As a young child, Audrey's mother would dedicate much time to instructing her children on reading, drawing and enjoying classical music. Audrey would transcend her brother's talents of the arts, which allowed her to stand out. She used her best efforts to capture the yearned for attention of her father, but he was never interested in praising Audrey for the innate talents she possessed. Joseph was absent, often he would be in London at the finance management company's headquarters working, and when he was home he spent much of his time in political meetings. He had a right-wing political perspective and of that time, those who shared a similar mentality, were the Nazis, (Spoto, 2006). Audrey grew up during the great depression and even though she was not living in the United States of America, this effected her and her family tremendously. Audrey's parents divorced and she was sent off to boarding school. Here is where she excelled at dance, ballet in particular, (Spoto, 2006). This was about the same time her father, Joseph began to involve himself with Hitler and the German Nazi propaganda, though little evidence shows a direct involvement in the Genocide; it is safe to say it affected Audrey incalculably. She was forced into hiding, along with her family. Germans had invaded Poland, and needless to say it was imperative for her to learn how to survive on her own. She watched her family members be assassinated by Nazi regime. Often times, she would go days without eating and would become famished. Audrey devoted her free time to dancing, acting and trying to smooth over her heavy Dutch accent. Audrey volunteered as a nurse during WWII, at the youthful age of 16 (Spoto, 2006). After the war, Audrey moved to England with her mother. She would book minuscule roles in films until one day while auditioning for the role of a ballerina, (which was her forte) was deemed too tall but landed her first gig and title role in a play called Gigi. Thenceforth, Audrey won several awards and became one of the twelve individuals apart of the EGOT club, those who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Audrey married and had two boys after four miscarriages. She went on to join UNICEF and donated the earnings of her last few movies to UNICEF. In 1988 she was appointed Goodwill Ambassador. She died in January of 93' in Tolochenaz, Switzerland after a long battle of colon cancer. Her sons and lover started the Audrey Hepburn society at the US fund for UNICEF, in her honor.
II. Three personality theorists Three personality theorist that aid us in understanding Audrey Hepburn's personality and works are Adler, Maslow and Erikson. Their works and studies can help dissect the behavior and beliefs of Audrey Hepburn. Alfred Adler theories on individual psychology are best described as an holistic approach to aiding those to a better mental state ("About Alfred Adler," 2005).
He was born in Vienna, year 1870. He earned a medical degree in 1895. Adler believed we as humans are social creatures. He believed we are born with this innate desire to care for others and want to be cared for in return. Adler endured a traumatic near death experience as a young boy. He was sickly and spent much of his time feeling inferior to others. He defined the Inferiority Complex as a belief that you are not strong enough, smart enough, or good enough. He was firm in his belief that no one should feel this way. On the contrary, he defined a Superiority Complex as a belief you are better than others because of repressed feelings of inferiority. This can be displayed as aggression, depression or accusation (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Adler stated that an affirmative attitude toward humanity was essential to mental health. Adler believed striving for success was when we have a social interest and are motivated by it. Viewing people as teammates not opponents. "My success is not your loss" (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Our style of life more modernly known as lifestyle is not what we connoted it to nowadays; however, Adler defined it as a person's goals, self concept, feelings for others and attitude toward the world. He claimed only children, oftenly are socially mature. Adler soundly believed that perception shapes
reality. Maslow's theory of personality take a humanistic approach. He is the founding theorist to study humanistic psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York, year 1908. His parents were poor Russian Jewish immigrants. He is most famous for his Hierarchy of Needs. There are five levels, he stated each ascending step represents a higher need, but one less basic to survival. In ascending order they are, physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self actualization. Examples of each in ascending order are, food, water and sex; secondly, war, crime and illness; then intimacy, friendship and group; following with reputation and respect and finally to self actualize means you need to fulfill potential and be free of superficial concerns (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). You are not able to skip a need, a certain percentage must be fulfilled. The bottom needs, more essential to survival are labeled D needs. These needs are motivations to decrease a need, called deficiencies i.e. for safety, money would be a D need. B needs are called being and it is a search for truth, justice, simplicity and beauty (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Characteristic of self actualized individuals are those who maintain an efficient perception of reality, need for solitude, human kinship, interpersonal relationships and creativity. The humanist Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, year 1902. He was the fourth child of six children. He earned a PhD from Columbia University. He is known for his three primary principles: Congruence, Unconditional Positive regard and Empathy (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Rogers believed "People are inherently good and they will get better if let them. Bad people are just misled." Rogers is also famous for what he called the Organismic Valuing Process, which is our inner sense within a person which guides him or her in the direction of growth and health (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008).
III. Application of theories to artist Adler stated that an affirmative attitude toward humanity was essential to mental health. Audrey was well known for her optimism. She wanted to leave the world a bit brighter than she found it. She accomplished this through her charity work with UNICEF. Mrs. Hepburn spent much of her time helping and supporting others. At the novas age of 16, she was donating all she had, which was her time. She donated her time to WWII soldiers wounded in battle. Audrey was quoted on numerous occasions "I was born with an enormous need affection, and a terrible need to give it." (Spoto, 2006). This statement is very Adler. It echoes his belief that we are born with this innate desire to care for others and want to be cared for in return. This shows that not only was she a "social creature" she was highly aware of it as well. Her work with UNICEF depicts her belief we are teammates and they we should help one another in every way we can. She donated the total earnings from the last few films she did, entirely to UNICEF. Similar to Adler, Hepburn endured many horrific experiences as a young child. For most people it is an innate tendency to harden emotionally, when you have witnessed and encountered such events. Nonetheless, she never spoke about the negative experiences in her interviews. She spotlighted the beauty and the pleasant facets of her life. As the youngest child, raised like an only, she was socially mature. Adler would say that she had a unity of personality. From a young child, she was affectionate, caring and longed for love from others and that held true until the day she died. Audrey went through all levels of hierarchy, in accordance to Maslow's idea. She was well nurtured by her mom. She triumphed war and the Nazi regime. She married the love of her life and had two healthy children with him. She maintained a spotless reputation in Hollywood and overshadowed with her successes. Audrey was optimistic and wanted the world to be harmonious but she understood despair and heartache, which helped to shape her perception of reality. She claimed that at a very young age she felt the disconnection between her and her father and knew he was uninterested in playing the role of an active father (Spoto, 2009). She was quoted saying “I have to be alone very often. I’d be quite happy if I spent from Saturday night until Monday morning alone in my apartment. That’s how I refuel.” ("Everything Audrey, 2016"). This expresses her desire for solitude. She does not need to be in a crowded room to not feel alone. Audrey revered her mother, and father despite his absence in much of her life. She took her relationships very seriously. Givenchy for example, he was a designer that developed a bond so deeply close to Audrey, she insisted on him dressing her for every role she played in film and theatre. She had a loyalty to him that was simply unparallel. Audrey was an artist of many mediums. She sang well, she danced well and she acted so well, her first motion picture
Roman Holiday, earned her an Academy Award. With the massive success and humble demeanor Maslow would say she is self actualized. Rogers believed a healthy person was congruent, held an unconditional positive regard and showed empathy. Audrey was genuine. She donated her time and money to causes bigger than herself. Audrey was empathic to everyone, especially those less fortunate. She used her childhood experiences of war, hunger and sickness to better the lives of those dealing with it currently, through charitable work. She used her platform to build bridges and unify us, as one. Rogers famous for what he called the Organismic Valuing Process, which is our inner sense within a person which guides him or her in the direction of growth and health, would say Audrey has accomplished this. She followed the journey to growth and health and lived a enriched, prosperous life. A life of privilege is what she built for herself, by hard work and perseverance.
IV. Comparison and contrast of theories Adler's theory captures the essence of Audrey Hepburn the best. He applied much emphasis to being a social creature with social interest in mind and this applies to Audrey. She was a people person. Though she reached a point where she did not need that gratification of surrounding herself with others at all times. In contrast to Adler, Maslow believed you reach a point where you do not need to be told you are loved, to feel it. This is beyond the social component of personality. And like Adler, Rogers believed "…People were inherently good." (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008) and although Adler did not claim this, he did believe perception is reality, which could imply people are not bad, they behaved in that manner because… and not to take the "bad" as they are a bad person but maybe their reality is different and we should take that into consideration.
Joseph was unable to keep a steady job and was not much of a provider). Joseph found Ella charming, elegant and as enamored to the life of luxury as he. He saw her ancient title as an easy way out, though Ella's beauty was undeniable, he had a not so secret agenda to "live off the land" of Ella's affluent predecessors. There was an aloofness to Ella in regards to her title of a royal and she did boast herself a superior. Audrey was an only child by her father, and had two half-brothers from her mother's first marriage, to a Dutch noblemen. (Spoto, 2006) Audrey nearly succumbed to whooping cough when born. As a young child, Audrey's mother would dedicate much time to instructing her children on reading, drawing and enjoying classical music. Audrey would transcend her brother's talents of the arts, which allowed her to stand out. She used her best efforts to capture the yearned for attention of her father, but he was never interested in praising Audrey for the innate talents she possessed. Joseph was absent, often he would be in London at the finance management company's headquarters working, and when he was home he spent much of his time in political meetings. He had a right-wing political perspective and of that time, those who shared a similar mentality, were the Nazis, (Spoto, 2006). Audrey grew up during the great depression and even though she was not living in the United States of America, this effected her and her family tremendously. Audrey's parents divorced and she was sent off to boarding school. Here is where she excelled at dance, ballet in particular, (Spoto, 2006). This was about the same time her father, Joseph began to involve himself with Hitler and the German Nazi propaganda, though little evidence shows a direct involvement in the Genocide; it is safe to say it affected Audrey incalculably. She was forced into hiding, along with her family. Germans had invaded Poland, and needless to say it was imperative for her to learn how to survive on her own. She watched her family members be assassinated by Nazi regime. Often times, she would go days without eating and would become famished. Audrey devoted her free time to dancing, acting and trying to smooth over her heavy Dutch accent. Audrey volunteered as a nurse during WWII, at the youthful age of 16 (Spoto, 2006). After the war, Audrey moved to England with her mother. She would book minuscule roles in films until one day while auditioning for the role of a ballerina, (which was her forte) was deemed too tall but landed her first gig and title role in a play called Gigi. Thenceforth, Audrey won several awards and became one of the twelve individuals apart of the EGOT club, those who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Audrey married and had two boys after four miscarriages. She went on to join UNICEF and donated the earnings of her last few movies to UNICEF. In 1988 she was appointed Goodwill Ambassador. She died in January of 93' in Tolochenaz, Switzerland after a long battle of colon cancer. Her sons and lover started the Audrey Hepburn society at the US fund for UNICEF, in her honor.
II. Three personality theorists Three personality theorist that aid us in understanding Audrey Hepburn's personality and works are Adler, Maslow and Erikson. Their works and studies can help dissect the behavior and beliefs of Audrey Hepburn. Alfred Adler theories on individual psychology are best described as an holistic approach to aiding those to a better mental state ("About Alfred Adler," 2005).
He was born in Vienna, year 1870. He earned a medical degree in 1895. Adler believed we as humans are social creatures. He believed we are born with this innate desire to care for others and want to be cared for in return. Adler endured a traumatic near death experience as a young boy. He was sickly and spent much of his time feeling inferior to others. He defined the Inferiority Complex as a belief that you are not strong enough, smart enough, or good enough. He was firm in his belief that no one should feel this way. On the contrary, he defined a Superiority Complex as a belief you are better than others because of repressed feelings of inferiority. This can be displayed as aggression, depression or accusation (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Adler stated that an affirmative attitude toward humanity was essential to mental health. Adler believed striving for success was when we have a social interest and are motivated by it. Viewing people as teammates not opponents. "My success is not your loss" (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Our style of life more modernly known as lifestyle is not what we connoted it to nowadays; however, Adler defined it as a person's goals, self concept, feelings for others and attitude toward the world. He claimed only children, oftenly are socially mature. Adler soundly believed that perception shapes
reality. Maslow's theory of personality take a humanistic approach. He is the founding theorist to study humanistic psychology. Abraham Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York, year 1908. His parents were poor Russian Jewish immigrants. He is most famous for his Hierarchy of Needs. There are five levels, he stated each ascending step represents a higher need, but one less basic to survival. In ascending order they are, physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs and self actualization. Examples of each in ascending order are, food, water and sex; secondly, war, crime and illness; then intimacy, friendship and group; following with reputation and respect and finally to self actualize means you need to fulfill potential and be free of superficial concerns (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). You are not able to skip a need, a certain percentage must be fulfilled. The bottom needs, more essential to survival are labeled D needs. These needs are motivations to decrease a need, called deficiencies i.e. for safety, money would be a D need. B needs are called being and it is a search for truth, justice, simplicity and beauty (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Characteristic of self actualized individuals are those who maintain an efficient perception of reality, need for solitude, human kinship, interpersonal relationships and creativity. The humanist Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, year 1902. He was the fourth child of six children. He earned a PhD from Columbia University. He is known for his three primary principles: Congruence, Unconditional Positive regard and Empathy (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008). Rogers believed "People are inherently good and they will get better if let them. Bad people are just misled." Rogers is also famous for what he called the Organismic Valuing Process, which is our inner sense within a person which guides him or her in the direction of growth and health (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008).
III. Application of theories to artist Adler stated that an affirmative attitude toward humanity was essential to mental health. Audrey was well known for her optimism. She wanted to leave the world a bit brighter than she found it. She accomplished this through her charity work with UNICEF. Mrs. Hepburn spent much of her time helping and supporting others. At the novas age of 16, she was donating all she had, which was her time. She donated her time to WWII soldiers wounded in battle. Audrey was quoted on numerous occasions "I was born with an enormous need affection, and a terrible need to give it." (Spoto, 2006). This statement is very Adler. It echoes his belief that we are born with this innate desire to care for others and want to be cared for in return. This shows that not only was she a "social creature" she was highly aware of it as well. Her work with UNICEF depicts her belief we are teammates and they we should help one another in every way we can. She donated the total earnings from the last few films she did, entirely to UNICEF. Similar to Adler, Hepburn endured many horrific experiences as a young child. For most people it is an innate tendency to harden emotionally, when you have witnessed and encountered such events. Nonetheless, she never spoke about the negative experiences in her interviews. She spotlighted the beauty and the pleasant facets of her life. As the youngest child, raised like an only, she was socially mature. Adler would say that she had a unity of personality. From a young child, she was affectionate, caring and longed for love from others and that held true until the day she died. Audrey went through all levels of hierarchy, in accordance to Maslow's idea. She was well nurtured by her mom. She triumphed war and the Nazi regime. She married the love of her life and had two healthy children with him. She maintained a spotless reputation in Hollywood and overshadowed with her successes. Audrey was optimistic and wanted the world to be harmonious but she understood despair and heartache, which helped to shape her perception of reality. She claimed that at a very young age she felt the disconnection between her and her father and knew he was uninterested in playing the role of an active father (Spoto, 2009). She was quoted saying “I have to be alone very often. I’d be quite happy if I spent from Saturday night until Monday morning alone in my apartment. That’s how I refuel.” ("Everything Audrey, 2016"). This expresses her desire for solitude. She does not need to be in a crowded room to not feel alone. Audrey revered her mother, and father despite his absence in much of her life. She took her relationships very seriously. Givenchy for example, he was a designer that developed a bond so deeply close to Audrey, she insisted on him dressing her for every role she played in film and theatre. She had a loyalty to him that was simply unparallel. Audrey was an artist of many mediums. She sang well, she danced well and she acted so well, her first motion picture
Roman Holiday, earned her an Academy Award. With the massive success and humble demeanor Maslow would say she is self actualized. Rogers believed a healthy person was congruent, held an unconditional positive regard and showed empathy. Audrey was genuine. She donated her time and money to causes bigger than herself. Audrey was empathic to everyone, especially those less fortunate. She used her childhood experiences of war, hunger and sickness to better the lives of those dealing with it currently, through charitable work. She used her platform to build bridges and unify us, as one. Rogers famous for what he called the Organismic Valuing Process, which is our inner sense within a person which guides him or her in the direction of growth and health, would say Audrey has accomplished this. She followed the journey to growth and health and lived a enriched, prosperous life. A life of privilege is what she built for herself, by hard work and perseverance.
IV. Comparison and contrast of theories Adler's theory captures the essence of Audrey Hepburn the best. He applied much emphasis to being a social creature with social interest in mind and this applies to Audrey. She was a people person. Though she reached a point where she did not need that gratification of surrounding herself with others at all times. In contrast to Adler, Maslow believed you reach a point where you do not need to be told you are loved, to feel it. This is beyond the social component of personality. And like Adler, Rogers believed "…People were inherently good." (Feist, Feist & Roberts 2008) and although Adler did not claim this, he did believe perception is reality, which could imply people are not bad, they behaved in that manner because… and not to take the "bad" as they are a bad person but maybe their reality is different and we should take that into consideration.