A. A cognitive map is a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. This is very helpful when driving because it enables the driver to easily get around as well as get to specific destinations easily.
The cerebellum is a structure often referred to as the "little brain" that is located in the rear of the brainstem that plays a significant role in a person’s balance & coordination. Having good coordination is extremely important when driving because many things are done at once. For example, your feet go on the accelerator pedal or the brake at the same time as maneuvering the steering wheel.
Observational learning can be defined as the process of acquiring information by observing others. This can play an important role as you prepare to drive because before driving, you have to see how other people do it, and then you practice based off of what you saw and was told.
The lights on the dashboard enable James to see what is going on with his car, and therefore may help him during his driving test because if the dashboard indicates that the car is running low on gas James would have to make sure he filled the tank before heading off.
B. The reticular formation is a portion of the brain that is located in the central core of the brain stem. Its functions can be classified into 4 categories: motor control, sensory control, visceral control, and control of consciousness. Motor control refers to physical movements or activities such as walking or running. Sensory control consists of all the senses including pain. Visceral control encompasses breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. Control of consciousness refers to alertness, sleeping, and various conscious states. If James lacks energy or feels sleepy, this will cause his to reduce his alertness and risk his chances of performing well on the written test.
Predictive validity refers to the relationship between test scores and later performance on a knowledge, skill or