Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
All around the world, there are many children and adults that suffer from an autism spectrum disorder. Unluckily, autism is a disorder that is not easily identifiable, especially in children. However, families that are fortunate enough to identify this disorder in children at most have no idea of how to cope with the disability or how to even handle the child. For that reason, it is essential to clarify the misapprehensions most people make and alert them on and how to handle a child that is diagnosed with autism.
In 1911, Eugene Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist, began using the term “autism”, which stems from the Greek word “autos”, meaning “self.” Bleuler used the term to describe a group of symptoms seem in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Essentially, the term means “isolated self” or a person excluded from social interactions. In the 1940s, researchers in the United States modified the term to describe children who experienced emotional or social problems. Therefore, renouncing the word autism from its connection to schizophrenia.
In 1943 Leo Kanner described those with autism as being unable to relate to themselves or others, with the term autism derived from the root auto for self. Since then, autism had been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, as a pervasive developmental disorder having three classic behavioral features for its diagnosis: "the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests" (Snell, 2003). In the mid-1940s, German scientist Hans Asperger described a more mild form of autism, known today as Asperger 's disorder.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) classifications, autism is characterized by impairments in 3
All around the world, there are many children and adults that suffer from an autism spectrum disorder. Unluckily, autism is a disorder that is not easily identifiable, especially in children. However, families that are fortunate enough to identify this disorder in children at most have no idea of how to cope with the disability or how to even handle the child. For that reason, it is essential to clarify the misapprehensions most people make and alert them on and how to handle a child that is diagnosed with autism.
In 1911, Eugene Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist, began using the term “autism”, which stems from the Greek word “autos”, meaning “self.” Bleuler used the term to describe a group of symptoms seem in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Essentially, the term means “isolated self” or a person excluded from social interactions. In the 1940s, researchers in the United States modified the term to describe children who experienced emotional or social problems. Therefore, renouncing the word autism from its connection to schizophrenia.
In 1943 Leo Kanner described those with autism as being unable to relate to themselves or others, with the term autism derived from the root auto for self. Since then, autism had been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, as a pervasive developmental disorder having three classic behavioral features for its diagnosis: "the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interests" (Snell, 2003). In the mid-1940s, German scientist Hans Asperger described a more mild form of autism, known today as Asperger 's disorder.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) classifications, autism is characterized by impairments in 3
References: Baumgardner, C., & Baker, D. (2012). Head to toe (1st ed.). Mesibov, G., Shea, V., & Schopler, E. (2005). The TEACCH approach to autism spectrum disorders (1st ed.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Muhle, R., Trentacoste, S., & Rapin, I. (2004). The genetics of autism. Pediatrics, 113(5), 472--486. National Research Council, Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism. Educating Children with Autism. Lord C, McGee JP, eds. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001 Nichcy.org,. (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorders — National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. Retrieved 23 April 2014, from http://nichcy.org/disability/specific/autism Prevention, C. (2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cdc.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov Schreibman, L., & Ingersoll, B. (2014). Behavioral interventions to promote learning in individuals with autism. In F. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin & D. Cohen. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (3rd ed., pp. 882-896). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Volkmar, F. (2005). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.