Bound Morphemes In Arabic And English
1. Introduction
Every language carries certain features that distinguish it from other languages although the languages descending from the same origin portray greater resemblances than the ones descending from different families, the similarities and differences are what make learning another language an easy task or an exhausting one. In the field of linguistics, the study of the internal structure of words- since words are the elements constructing any language and they are generally accepted as being the smallest units of any language syntax- is important; it is clear that in most (if not all) languages, words can be related to other words by rules and any language speakers can recognize the words and their relations from their tacit knowledge of the rules of word-formation. These rules are understood by the native speaker and reflect specific patterns in the way words are formed from smaller units and how those smaller units interact in speech. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word-formation within and across languages, and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers and learners of these languages.
In this paper we have dealt with the general definitions of morphology, morphemes in both types: free and bound, and focused on the bound one, its classifications in Arabic and English, then we stated the morphological processes under which the bound morpheme goes which result in morphemic shifts in the same language and across both languages, and finally concluding that despite the similarities between Arabic and English at morphemic level-in terms of derivational and inflectional features- Arabic represents a more difficult and peculiar challenge for native speakers and foreign learners but this does not lessen its richness, depth and gracefulness.
2. Morphology and Morphemes: Definitions:
The science that deals with the internal structure of the words and the systematic form-meaning
Every language carries certain features that distinguish it from other languages although the languages descending from the same origin portray greater resemblances than the ones descending from different families, the similarities and differences are what make learning another language an easy task or an exhausting one. In the field of linguistics, the study of the internal structure of words- since words are the elements constructing any language and they are generally accepted as being the smallest units of any language syntax- is important; it is clear that in most (if not all) languages, words can be related to other words by rules and any language speakers can recognize the words and their relations from their tacit knowledge of the rules of word-formation. These rules are understood by the native speaker and reflect specific patterns in the way words are formed from smaller units and how those smaller units interact in speech. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word-formation within and across languages, and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers and learners of these languages.
In this paper we have dealt with the general definitions of morphology, morphemes in both types: free and bound, and focused on the bound one, its classifications in Arabic and English, then we stated the morphological processes under which the bound morpheme goes which result in morphemic shifts in the same language and across both languages, and finally concluding that despite the similarities between Arabic and English at morphemic level-in terms of derivational and inflectional features- Arabic represents a more difficult and peculiar challenge for native speakers and foreign learners but this does not lessen its richness, depth and gracefulness.
2. Morphology and Morphemes: Definitions:
The science that deals with the internal structure of the words and the systematic form-meaning
References: Booij, Geert (2012) The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology , Third edition. Oxford University Press, pp. 6 Crystal, David (2008) A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics, Sixth edition Crystal David (1997) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, Second edition. Cambridge University Press: CUP, pp. 90 Delahunty, Gerald Patrick (2010) The English language: from sound to sense Dinneen, Francis(1967) An Introduction to General Linguistics. New York: Holt, pp. 49-60 Heß, Juliane(2009) English Morphology: Inflection Versus Derivation Omar, Hanan Khatab (2012) A morphological Study of Reduplication in English with Reference to Arabic, Adab Al-Farahedy magazine, December no.13, pp.75-76 Robins, R.H Yusuf, K. O. and Omar Z.,(Khalid Osman Yusuf and Zakaria Omar)(2011)Arabic Language Morphemes: Systematic Manner in Arabic Linguistic Study, Vol. 2, No. 2 Journal of Linguistics and Literary Studies, Malaysia, pp. 32-44 المصادر العربية: