CHAPTER ONE – ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
- Administrative principles: closed system management perspective that focuses on the total organization and grows from the insight of practitioners
- Bureaucratic organizations: organization design based on clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping and uniform application if standard rules
- Change strategy: a plan to guide an organizational change
- Chaos Theory: a scientific theory that suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems are made up of numerous interconnections that create unintentional effects and render the environment unpredictable
- Closed system: autonomous, enclosed and not dependent on the external environment
- Contextual dimensions: the characteristics of an organization, including size, technology, environment and goals.
- Contingency: the applicable management approach to deal with unforeseen events
- Effectiveness: the degree to which an organization achieves its goals
- Efficiency: the amount of resources used to produce a unit of output
- Hawthorne studies: studies worker productivity. Managers who treat their employees well facilitate increased employee output
- Learning organization: everyone is engaged in finding and solving problems enable continuous improvement and capabilities of its own employees
- Level of analysis: in systems theory, the subsystem on which the primary focus is placed; four levels of analysis characterize the organization
- Meso theory: combines micro and macro levels of analysis
- Open System: interacts with the environment for survival
- Organization: social entities that are goal directed, deliberately structured and linked to the external environment
- OB: micro approach to organizations with focus on individuals in the organization
- OT: macro approach to organizations that analyses the