Cervical Cancer
CANCER
RISK FACTORS: * Human papilloma virus infection * Smoking * Immunosuppression * Chlamydia infection * Diet * Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) * Intrauterine device use * Multiple full-term pregnancies * Young age at the first full-term pregnancy * Poverty * Diethylstilbestrol (DES) * Family history of cervical cancer
PREVENTION
Testing (screening) * Regular Pap test * Pelvic exam * Condoms and HPV * Don't smoke * Get vaccinated
Gardasil, Cervarix
Guidelines for early detection:
All women should begin cervical testing at age 21.
Age 30 (Pap test + HPV test q 5 years) until age 65.
High risk of cervical cancer: need to be screened more often and follow the recommendations of their doctors.
Women underwent Total hysterectomy: should stop screening
Women who have been vaccinated against HPV should still follow these guidelines
Accurate pap tests
Not on menstrual period.
No douche
No sexual intercourse
Pap test results * Conventional cytology * Liquid-based cytology
Bethesda System
The general categories are:
Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,
Epithelial cell abnormalities, and
Other malignant neoplasms. * Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) * Squamous cell carcinoma * Adenocarcinoma * Atypical glandular cells * Atypical squamous cells The HPV DNA test
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL CANCER: * Women with early cervical cancers and pre-cancers usually have no symptoms. * Symptoms often do not begin until the cancer becomes invasive and grows into nearby tissue. * Abnormal vaginal bleeding * Menopausal bleeding * Spotting between periods * longer or heavier than usual * Bleeding after douching or after a pelvic exam may also occur. * Vaginal discharges * Dyspareunia
ASSESSEMNT:
* Medical history and physical exam * Colposcopy
RISK FACTORS: * Human papilloma virus infection * Smoking * Immunosuppression * Chlamydia infection * Diet * Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) * Intrauterine device use * Multiple full-term pregnancies * Young age at the first full-term pregnancy * Poverty * Diethylstilbestrol (DES) * Family history of cervical cancer
PREVENTION
Testing (screening) * Regular Pap test * Pelvic exam * Condoms and HPV * Don't smoke * Get vaccinated
Gardasil, Cervarix
Guidelines for early detection:
All women should begin cervical testing at age 21.
Age 30 (Pap test + HPV test q 5 years) until age 65.
High risk of cervical cancer: need to be screened more often and follow the recommendations of their doctors.
Women underwent Total hysterectomy: should stop screening
Women who have been vaccinated against HPV should still follow these guidelines
Accurate pap tests
Not on menstrual period.
No douche
No sexual intercourse
Pap test results * Conventional cytology * Liquid-based cytology
Bethesda System
The general categories are:
Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,
Epithelial cell abnormalities, and
Other malignant neoplasms. * Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) * Squamous cell carcinoma * Adenocarcinoma * Atypical glandular cells * Atypical squamous cells The HPV DNA test
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL CANCER: * Women with early cervical cancers and pre-cancers usually have no symptoms. * Symptoms often do not begin until the cancer becomes invasive and grows into nearby tissue. * Abnormal vaginal bleeding * Menopausal bleeding * Spotting between periods * longer or heavier than usual * Bleeding after douching or after a pelvic exam may also occur. * Vaginal discharges * Dyspareunia
ASSESSEMNT:
* Medical history and physical exam * Colposcopy