Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide
Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide
Shara Shonn
Chapter 10 –
Temperature – the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules or atoms in a system * The higher the kinetic energy the higher the temperature
Vaporization – * Vaporization – the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas * Occurs when particles have enough energy to escape intermolecular forces
Evaporation – * Evaporation – the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state
Boiling – * Boiling change from a liquid to a gas in the form of bubbles throughout a liquid
Formation of Solids – * When temperature decreases the average energy of particles decreases * This allows intermolecular forces to hold particles in an orderly arrangement * Freezing (solidification) – change from a liquid to a solid by the removal of heat
Energy and Change of State – * During a phase change the temperature of a system does not change * Heat energy is either absorbed or released by molecules
Kinetic-Molecular Theory – * Particles of matter are always in motion * Explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the energy of particles & the forces between them
Theory of Gases – * Ideal gas – a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory * Real gas – does not behave completely according to the theory
Five Assumptions – 1. Gases consist of tiny particles that are far apart * 1000 times the volume of a solid * Most of volume is empty space 2. Collisions between particles & between particles and containers are elastic collisions * Elastic collision – no net loss of energy 3. Gas particles are in constant motion * They possess kinetic energy 4. There are no forces of attraction between gas particles * When particles collide they simply bounce apart 5. The temperature of a gas
Shara Shonn
Chapter 10 –
Temperature – the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules or atoms in a system * The higher the kinetic energy the higher the temperature
Vaporization – * Vaporization – the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas * Occurs when particles have enough energy to escape intermolecular forces
Evaporation – * Evaporation – the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state
Boiling – * Boiling change from a liquid to a gas in the form of bubbles throughout a liquid
Formation of Solids – * When temperature decreases the average energy of particles decreases * This allows intermolecular forces to hold particles in an orderly arrangement * Freezing (solidification) – change from a liquid to a solid by the removal of heat
Energy and Change of State – * During a phase change the temperature of a system does not change * Heat energy is either absorbed or released by molecules
Kinetic-Molecular Theory – * Particles of matter are always in motion * Explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the energy of particles & the forces between them
Theory of Gases – * Ideal gas – a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory * Real gas – does not behave completely according to the theory
Five Assumptions – 1. Gases consist of tiny particles that are far apart * 1000 times the volume of a solid * Most of volume is empty space 2. Collisions between particles & between particles and containers are elastic collisions * Elastic collision – no net loss of energy 3. Gas particles are in constant motion * They possess kinetic energy 4. There are no forces of attraction between gas particles * When particles collide they simply bounce apart 5. The temperature of a gas