This was a laboratory study in the sense that you wouldn’t normally find a child in a college classroom. A laboratory study means that it is a “research investigation conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant” (Feldman 1.3). At the same time it was a naturalistic observation because some “naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation” (Feldman 1.3). Mrs. Cipriano would intervene by playing with the child. Robby is a two year and 7 months old child that weighs 3.5 pounds. Robby’s mother Daniel had a miscarriage before Robby. A miscarriage is a spontaneous abortion, which occurs when the embryo detaches from the wall of the uterus and is expelled before the child can survive out of the womb. Between 15 - 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, usually in the first couple of months. Therefore it is quite normal that this occurred. Danielle was about to start fertility drugs when she then became pregnant with Robby. Danielle was over 30 years old when she got pregnant with Robby. Woman over 30 years old who give birth are at greater risks for a variety of pregnancy and birth complications then younger woman, which helps explain the need for a cesarean section. Danielle is now currently 34 and has been trying to get pregnant again, although wasn’t able to for a long time because she just recently stopped breast-feeding. When breast-feeding there is a chance reduction in getting pregnant.
There are three stages of prenatal development: germinal, embryonic and fetal. The germinal stage is fertilization to 2 weeks. The first cell is created when a sperm (a male reproductive cell) pushes through the membrane of the ovum (the female reproductive cell). The new cell is then formed by the process of fertilization (the two gametes fusing); this is called a zygote. The fertilized egg is now known as a blastocsyt and it travels and implants in the uterus. The