Children's Health Functional Pattern

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative VS. Guild | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry Vs. Inferiority | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Dependent upon parents and caregivers. 2) Child safety such as water, food, and child proofing the home. | 1) Normal heart rate of 40-70 beats per minute. 2) Curiosity regarding the body and the opposite sex. | 1) Ability to accept responsibility for some aspects of personal care. 2) Self-dental care. | | 1) Proper requirements of care seat. 2) Passive immunity to communicable diseases. | 1) Group activities lead to an increased occurrence of contagious illness. 2)Allergies such as peanuts, chocolate, etc. | 1) Dental care, vision screening, and orthodontic assessments. 2) Health promotion campaigns such as “Say no to drugs.” | Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Breast feeding mothers will wean. 2) Growth rate and appetite decrease. | 1) Internet in preparing food. 2) Improvement in ability to use eating utensils. | 1) Caloric intake 1200-1800 a day. 2) Have interest and will try different types of food. | | 1) Anemia due to inadequate iron intake from lack of breast milk and iron fortified formula. 2)Dental problems due to sleeping with bottle filled with milk and /or juice | 1) Increase occurrence of food or environmental allergies. 2) Poor dental hygiene can affect appetite and lead to difficulty chewing. | 1) Weight gain and obesity leading to hypertension and risk for type 2 Diabetes. 2) Dietary guidelines. | Pattern of Elimination: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Toilet training begins. 2) Regular schedule form bowel movement develops. | 1) Full bladder control. 2) Forgetting to wash hands often using the bathroom. | 1) Urinating 6-8 times a day. 2Bowel movement 1-2 ties per day | | 1) Potentials for delay in toilet training. 2) Potential for regression. | 1) Positive reinforcement and encouragement aids in the success of mastering independent elimination. 2) Avoid teasing or making an issue of “accidents” with elimination. | 1) Nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). 2) Involuntary urinating during the day. | Pattern of Activity and Exercise: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Parallel play. 2) Many of the activities are repeated over and over. | 1) Plays in group setting. 2) Play is the primary activity. | 1) Peer play. 2) Organized team sports. | | 1) Child proof house so child can’t reach unsafe items. 2) Vulnerability to injury. | 1) Feelings are expressed through play. 2) Behavioral pattern found in play. | 1) Limit amount of TV time. 2) Need for exercise and healthy diet. | Cognitive/Perceptual Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Increase language skills. 2) Repetitive and ritualistic play. | 1) There is understanding of the idea of past and future. 2) Willingness to learn new ideas and concepts. | 1) Ability to tell time. 2) Ideas of fairness and consistent rules. | | 1) Overuse of the word “No.” 2) Provide opportunities for learning and socialization. | 1) Late talkers may also display limitation with verbal memory skills. 2) Visual and hearing delays may need to be elevated. | 1) Hobbies can promote. 2) May miss this stage if not noticed and interview by parents or school. | Pattern of Sleep and Rest: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Need for sleep decreases to 12 hours/day. 2) Naps become shorter and fewer. | 1) Requires 8-12 hours of sleep. 2) Naps not necessary. | 1) Sleep depends on activity, age and state of health. 2) Sleep walking events may continue. | | 1) Night terrors. 2) Disturbance of daily rituals. | 1) Night terrors. 2) Nightmares. | 1) Sleep walking. 2) Sleep talking. | Pattern of Self-Perception and Self-Concept: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Becoming more independent and wanting. 2) Identifies the difference between fantasy and reality. | 1) Concrete thinkers. 2) Regression if a new baby is introduced into the family. | 1) Takes others point of view into consideration. 2) Importance of peer acceptance. | | 1) Temper tantrums. 2) Needs limits and rationale for actions. | 1) Tolerates separation. 2) May have one or more imaginary friends. | 1) Sensitive to criticism. 2) Peers and friends become more important. | Role-Relationship Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List 2 potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Egocentric. 2) Imitation of parents and siblings. | 1) Peers become more significant as development progresses. 2) Remains very involved with family. | 1) Earning an allowance. 2) Rules and expectations at home are questioned. | | 1) Evaluation tools will assist in determining readiness for school. 2) Play can be experimentation. | 1) Sibling rivalry may occur over possessions. 2) Discipline. | 1) Punishment. 2) Need to be aware of outside negative influences. | Sexuality – Reproductive Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Curiosity with genitals especially with toilet training. 2) Gender roles developing. | 1) Understanding of the difference of the two genders. 2) Able to identify as either a boy or a girl. | 1) Sexual curiosity. 2) Physical body changes such as pubic and underarm hair, breast development and menstruation. | | 1) Use of correct words for body parts. 2) Discuss with parents that curiosity is normal. | 1) Positive self-esteem comes from a sense of positive feelings about self. 2) Questions should be answered. | 1) Talk about sex with peers rather than parents. 2) Challenging issues about gender roles and self-concept for homosexual children. | Pattern of Coping and Stress Tolerance: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List wo potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Need simple explanations. 2) Imitation of parent’s way of coping with stress. | 1) Fantasy play. 2) Projection of blame. | 1) Discover symptoms of stress. 2) Educate on ways to deal with stress. | | 1) Are the stressors at home? 2) Assess temperament: easy or slow to warm up. | 1) Tantrums. 2) Educate parents on positive interactions that help the child learn. | 1)Depression 2) Somatization. | Pattern of Value and Beliefs: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | 1) Believe what their parents believe. 2) Consciences that are not yet fully developed. | 1) Gaining internal control. 2) Want to feel valued. | 1) Understanding between right and wrong. 2) Decisions based upon moral and ethical issues. | | 1) Reinforce acceptable behaviors. 2) Behave out of fear of punishment. | 1) Lying. 2) Stealing. | 1) Fascination with birth and death. 2)Open and effective communication |
Resource: Mandle, E. (2010). Health promotion throughout the lifespan. St.Louis; Mosby.
Short Answer Questions

Address the following based on the above assessment findings. Expected answers will be 1-2 paragraphs in length. Cite and reference outside sources used.

1) Compare and contrast identified similarities as well as differences in expected assessment across the childhood age groups.

The child in each age group desired to have approval from their peers and wanted a sense of belonging. However, as the child grows up the child does not desire as much integration with that of their family, but that of their peers. The family indeed does have an influence on how the child develops, however so did the child’s environment as well. In the toddler and the preschool age child, there was need of rituals before bedtime, but on the other hand with the school age child there was not. Also, all ages feel the need to explore their environments as a means to grow, learn and have a sense of wellbeing.

2) Summarize how a nurse would handle physical assessments, examinations, education, and communication differently with children versus adults. Consider spirituality and cultural differences in your answer.

The nurse should handle educating the child, differently since the child seeks gratification and praise, when making accomplishment, therefore, the nurse should offer rewards to the child, during education, and regard the physical assessments should explain what they are doing before they do it and have the parent present as a means of reassure for that child.