Computer Architecture
Einstein College of Engineering
EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Computer Architecture and Organization
Lecture Notes-EC53
SUJATHA.K & JASMINE MARY.S
TEXTBOOKS: 1. John P. Hayes, ‘Computer architecture and Organisation’, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1998. 2. V. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Varanesic and Safat G. Zaky, “ Computer Organisation“, V edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, 1996.
Einstein College of Engineering
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Digital computer systems consist of three distinct units. These units are as follows: Input unit Central Processing unit Output unit these units are interconnected by electrical cables to permit communication between them. This allows the computer to function as a system. Input Unit A computer must receive both data and program statements to function properly and be able to solve problems. The method of feeding data and programs to a computer is accomplished by an input device. Computer input devices read data from a source, such as magnetic disks, and translate that data into electronic impulses for transfer into the CPU. Some typical input devices are a keyboard, a mouse, or a scanner. Central Processing Unit The brain of a computer system is the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU processes data transferred to it from one of the various input devices. It then transfers either an intermediate or final result of the CPU to one or more output devices. A central control section and work areas are required to perform calculations or manipulate data. The CPU is the computing center of the system. It consists of a control section, an arithmetic-logic section, and an internal storage section (main memory). Each section within the CPU serves a specific function and has a particular relationship with the other sections within the CPU.
CONTROL SECTION The control section directs the flow of traffic (operations) and data. It also maintains order within the computer. The control section
EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Computer Architecture and Organization
Lecture Notes-EC53
SUJATHA.K & JASMINE MARY.S
TEXTBOOKS: 1. John P. Hayes, ‘Computer architecture and Organisation’, Tata McGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1998. 2. V. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko G. Varanesic and Safat G. Zaky, “ Computer Organisation“, V edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, 1996.
Einstein College of Engineering
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM Digital computer systems consist of three distinct units. These units are as follows: Input unit Central Processing unit Output unit these units are interconnected by electrical cables to permit communication between them. This allows the computer to function as a system. Input Unit A computer must receive both data and program statements to function properly and be able to solve problems. The method of feeding data and programs to a computer is accomplished by an input device. Computer input devices read data from a source, such as magnetic disks, and translate that data into electronic impulses for transfer into the CPU. Some typical input devices are a keyboard, a mouse, or a scanner. Central Processing Unit The brain of a computer system is the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU processes data transferred to it from one of the various input devices. It then transfers either an intermediate or final result of the CPU to one or more output devices. A central control section and work areas are required to perform calculations or manipulate data. The CPU is the computing center of the system. It consists of a control section, an arithmetic-logic section, and an internal storage section (main memory). Each section within the CPU serves a specific function and has a particular relationship with the other sections within the CPU.
CONTROL SECTION The control section directs the flow of traffic (operations) and data. It also maintains order within the computer. The control section