Computer Science

Computer science
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Computer science (abbreviated CS or CompSci) is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical processes (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded in bits and bytes in a computer memory or transcribed engines and protein structures in a human cell.[1] A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.[2]
Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, whilst the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use of programming language and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans.

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Major achievements
2 Philosophy
2.1 Name of the field
3 Areas of computer science
3.1 Theoretical computer science
3.1.1 Theory of computation
3.1.2 Information and coding theory
3.1.3 Algorithms and data structures
3.1.4 Programming language theory
3.1.5 Formal methods
3.2 Applied computer science
3.2.1 Artificial

References: ^ "In this sense Aiken needed IBM, whose technology included the use of punched cards, the accumulation of numerical data, and the transfer of numerical data from one register to another", Bernard Cohen, p.44 (2000) ^ Brian Randell, p.187, 1975 ^ a b c Denning, P.J. (2000). "Computer Science: The Discipline" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Archived from the original on 2006-05-25. ^ Computer science pioneer Samuel D. Conte dies at 85 July 1, 2002 ^ a b Levy, Steven (1984) ^ http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/IBM.709.1957.102646304.pdf ^ a b David Kahn, The Codebreakers, 1967, ISBN 0-684-83130-9. ^ Wegner, P. (October 13–15, 1976). "Research paradigms in computer science". Proceedings of the 2nd international Conference on Software Engineering. San Francisco, California, United States: IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA. ^ Denning, P. J.; Comer, D. E.; Gries, D.; Mulder, M. C.; Tucker, A.; Turner, A. J.; Young, P. R. (Jan 1989). "Computing as a discipline". Communications of the ACM 32: 9–23. doi:10.1145/63238.63239. volume = 64 edit ^ Eden, A ^ Louis Fine (1959). "The Role of the University in Computers, Data Processing, and Related Fields". Communications of the ACM 2 (9): 7–14. doi:10.1145/368424.368427. ^ id., p. 11 ^ Donald Knuth (1972) ^ Matti Tedre (2006). The Development of Computer Science: A Sociocultural Perspective, p.260 ^ Peter Naur (1966) ^ M. Tedre (2011) Computing as a Science: A Survey of Competing Viewpoints, Minds and Machines 21(3), 361-387 ^ Parnas, D ^ a b Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (28 May 1997). "Computer Science as a Profession". Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ Committee on the Fundamentals of Computer Science: Challenges and Opportunities, National Research Council (2004). Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09301-9. ^ "Csab, Inc". Csab.org. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2011-11-19. "Computer Software Engineer." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Tucker, Allen B. (2004). Computer Science Handbook (2nd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 1-58488-360-X. Cohen, Bernard (2000). Howard Aiken, Portrait of a computer pioneer. The MIT press. ISBN 978-0-2625317-9-5. Randell, Brian (1973). The origins of Digital computers, Selected Papers. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-06169-X. Peter J. Denning, Great principles in computing curricula, Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2004. Joint Task Force of Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Association for Information Systems (AIS) and IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS). Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report. September 30, 2005.