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Conceptual
The Modular Teaching Approach in College Algebra:
An Alternative to Improving the Learner’s Achievement, Persistence, and Confidence in Mathematics
Maxima J. Acelajado De La Salle University
Phillipines
Abstract
This experimental study used a pretest-posttest design to determine the effects of the modular teaching approach on the achievement, persistence, and confidence in mathematics of 24 freshmen (12 high ability and 12 low ability students) from the College of Business and Economics, De La Salle University, Manila, who were enrolled in College Algebra during the first term, schoolyear 2004–2005. The topics considered were those identified as difficult by students who have taken College Algebra, and by mathematics teachers who have handled this subject, namely, Systems of Linear Equations and Quadratic Inequalities in One Variable. The t-test applied on the pretest and posttest results of the two groups in all variables indicated significant differences at the .05 level of significance. Keywords: achievement, persistence, and confidence in mathematics, assessment, experimental study.

Introduction
A considerably low achievement in mathematics and a relatively low self-efficacy among students who are impatient in solving mathematical problems pose real great challenge to present day mathematics educators. This challenge may be addressed by introducing new programs of instructions, new instructional materials, and new teaching methods and approaches. In the light of the preceding arguments, this study attempted to use the modular teaching approach in College Algebra and investigate its effects on the students’ achievement, persistence, and confidence in mathematics.

Following are some literature and the findings of studies related to the concern of this paper.

On Modular Instruction
It is a fact that no two individuals are alike in their physical, mental, and emotional development: one may grow faster, another can easily recognize



References: Abalajon, T. (1993). Development and validation of modules on selected topics in SEDP Math II at the Manila High School, 1992-1993 Ames, C. (1992). Classroom: Goals, structures and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261-271. Aquino, Josefina L. (1988). Solutions and applications of triangles: A modular approach Boyles, N. & Contadino, D. (1997). The learning differences sourcebook. L.A.: RGA Publishing Group. Burger, Thomas. (1986). Max Weber’s theory of concept formation, history, laws & ideal types Cachero, Ma. Concepcion M. (1994). Modules on problem solving for second year high school students Cematu, L. (1982). Mathematics for the average college-bound students. The Mathematics Teacher, 75, 2. Chipman, S.F., Brush, L.R., and Wilson, D.M. (1985). Women and mathematics. Balancing the equation Cudia, Corazon M. (1985). Development and validation of modules based on selected topics in Trigonometry for DIT students at Nueva Vizcaya State Polytechnic Davis, P. & R. Hersh. (1990). The mathematical experience. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Dodd, Anne Wescott. (1992). Insights from a math phobic. The Mathematics Teacher, 85, 4. Jimenez, Jr., Dominador. (1987). Development and validation of modules on Circle and Parabola for FEU engineering freshmen Luna, C. (1978). Modular approach in teaching selected topics in Industrial Mathematics Nocon, Rizaldi. (1992).Development, validation and evaluation of modules on selected topics in Probability and Statistics for engineering students Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research, 66, 543-578. Parker, R. and M. Hetherington (1999). Child psychology: A contemporary viewpoint. Boston: McGraw Hill. Parungao, Anita N. (1985) Development and validation of modules in Plane Trigonometry based on identified difficulties of fourth year high school students of Esteban Abada Perkins, Isabel & Alfinio Flores. (2002). Mathematics teaching in the middle school. Reston Porter, Louise. (1999). Gifted young children: A guide for teachers and parents. Open University Press. Schunk, D. H. (1989). Self-efficacy and achievement behaviors. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 173-208. Silva, D. (1992). The effectiveness of modular instruction in the study of selected topics based on identified difficulties in Advanced Algebra Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Steele, Diana & Alfred Arth (March 1998). Lowering anxiety in the mathematics curriculum. Travers, K., L. Pikaart, M. Suydam, & G. Runion. (1977). Mathematics teaching. New York: Harper & Row. Valeriano, Victoria C. (1988). Development of modules in consumer mathematics based on identified difficulties Young, F. (1991). Development and evaluation of modules on selected topics in statistics. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, De La Salle University, Manila.

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