Conditioning
PSYC 1101
Jasmine Glass
Question Topic 2 essay 1 relying on the information you learned in chapter 5, explain what is meant by the term “conditioning” and describe and distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. Finally, discuss how research into the effects of biology and cognition on conditioning has changed psychology’s understanding of the conditioning process
Classical Conditioning
Conditioning is an associative learning, which occur when we make a connection or an association with two events. Classical conditioning is when two stimuli becomes associated with each other. As a result of this association organisms are able to anticipate event between them. For example in the early 1900’s, Pavlov found that dogs salivated when meat powder was given to them or that they also responded to other stimulus that was associated with food, such as putting the food in the dish. As Pavlov examined why the dogs salivated in response to various sites and sounds before eating the meat powder, he noticed that the dog’s behavior included both learned and unlearned components. He found that the unlearned part of classical conditioning stem from some stimuli that are automatically produce by certain responses that is innate, such as reflexes. For example when you see someone is going to hit you, your reflex kick in and tells you to block yourself. Innate reflexes relates to unconditioned stimulus (US) which is a stimulus that produce a respond that is automatic or without (prior learning). On the other hand the condition response (CS) is a learned response to a condition response. Operant conditioning is the second type of associated learning in this type of learning organisms learn to make association between behavior and a consequence for example getting a punishment or reward for a behavior as a result for this association we can see that people or organisms increase positive behaviors with reward and to decrease negative behavior with punishment . While
Jasmine Glass
Question Topic 2 essay 1 relying on the information you learned in chapter 5, explain what is meant by the term “conditioning” and describe and distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. Finally, discuss how research into the effects of biology and cognition on conditioning has changed psychology’s understanding of the conditioning process
Classical Conditioning
Conditioning is an associative learning, which occur when we make a connection or an association with two events. Classical conditioning is when two stimuli becomes associated with each other. As a result of this association organisms are able to anticipate event between them. For example in the early 1900’s, Pavlov found that dogs salivated when meat powder was given to them or that they also responded to other stimulus that was associated with food, such as putting the food in the dish. As Pavlov examined why the dogs salivated in response to various sites and sounds before eating the meat powder, he noticed that the dog’s behavior included both learned and unlearned components. He found that the unlearned part of classical conditioning stem from some stimuli that are automatically produce by certain responses that is innate, such as reflexes. For example when you see someone is going to hit you, your reflex kick in and tells you to block yourself. Innate reflexes relates to unconditioned stimulus (US) which is a stimulus that produce a respond that is automatic or without (prior learning). On the other hand the condition response (CS) is a learned response to a condition response. Operant conditioning is the second type of associated learning in this type of learning organisms learn to make association between behavior and a consequence for example getting a punishment or reward for a behavior as a result for this association we can see that people or organisms increase positive behaviors with reward and to decrease negative behavior with punishment . While