Diabetes Assignment
Donna Curtis
October 13, 2012
Nursing 155
Diabetes Assignment
1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of the pancreas being unable to produce adequate amounts of insulin and the resistance of cells to insulin. This results in glucose remaining in the blood and not being taken up by the cells leading to hyperglycemia. Because of insulin’s role in the stimulation of the synthesis of protein and the storage of fatty acids in adipose tissue, inadequate amounts of insulin also reduces nutrients that are essential for fuel and storage being accessed by tissues. Beta cells of the pancreas do not function correctly leading to inadequate amounts of insulin being produced. (P. 549) [ (Wolters Kluwer Health, 2012) ] [ (Khardori, 2012) ]
2. The major risk factors for the development of DM II include: 1) being overweight by a margin of at least 120% of ideal body weight; 2) being older than 45 (however, this is changing); 3) being of Hispanic, African American, Native American, Pacific Islander or Asian American heritage; 4) Having a first-degree relative who has a history of DM II; 5) Having hypertension or having low HDL cholesterol or high triglycerides; 6) Having a previous history of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance; 7) having previous had gestational diabetes or having given birth to a baby weighing over 9 pounds; 8) having polycystic ovarian syndrome. [ (Khardori, 2012) ]
3. The difference between a glucose tolerance test, fasting blood glucose and HgbA1C test are as follows:
A glucose tolerance test is done with the patient eating normally for several days prior to the test, but fasting for 8-12 hours before the test. A blood sample is taken to establish a baseline. The patient then drinks glucose (usually 75 mL) in a liquid as quickly as possible. Blood tests are done every 30 minutes for up to 3 hours. [ (Dugdale, 2012) ]
A fasting blood glucose test is done after not having eaten for 8 hours and then a blood test is done to
October 13, 2012
Nursing 155
Diabetes Assignment
1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the result of the pancreas being unable to produce adequate amounts of insulin and the resistance of cells to insulin. This results in glucose remaining in the blood and not being taken up by the cells leading to hyperglycemia. Because of insulin’s role in the stimulation of the synthesis of protein and the storage of fatty acids in adipose tissue, inadequate amounts of insulin also reduces nutrients that are essential for fuel and storage being accessed by tissues. Beta cells of the pancreas do not function correctly leading to inadequate amounts of insulin being produced. (P. 549) [ (Wolters Kluwer Health, 2012) ] [ (Khardori, 2012) ]
2. The major risk factors for the development of DM II include: 1) being overweight by a margin of at least 120% of ideal body weight; 2) being older than 45 (however, this is changing); 3) being of Hispanic, African American, Native American, Pacific Islander or Asian American heritage; 4) Having a first-degree relative who has a history of DM II; 5) Having hypertension or having low HDL cholesterol or high triglycerides; 6) Having a previous history of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance; 7) having previous had gestational diabetes or having given birth to a baby weighing over 9 pounds; 8) having polycystic ovarian syndrome. [ (Khardori, 2012) ]
3. The difference between a glucose tolerance test, fasting blood glucose and HgbA1C test are as follows:
A glucose tolerance test is done with the patient eating normally for several days prior to the test, but fasting for 8-12 hours before the test. A blood sample is taken to establish a baseline. The patient then drinks glucose (usually 75 mL) in a liquid as quickly as possible. Blood tests are done every 30 minutes for up to 3 hours. [ (Dugdale, 2012) ]
A fasting blood glucose test is done after not having eaten for 8 hours and then a blood test is done to
Bibliography: Dugdale, I. D. (2012, June 6). Glucose Tolerance Test. Retrieved from MedlinePlus: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003466.htm Healthwise Staff. (2011, July 5). Blood Glucose. Retrieved from WebMD: http://www.diabetes.webmd.com/blood-glucose Khardori, R. (2012, October 8). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved from Medscape Reference Drugs, Diseases & Procedures: www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/117853-overview Wolters Kluwer Health. (2012). Endocrine Disorders. In W. K. Health, Medical-Surgical Nursing made Incredibly Easy! (pp. 517-570). Ambler: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.