Dual Theory Of Precariousness

Although the discussion on the precariousness is multi-dimensional there are some basic qualities attributed to precariousness. It is a growing class of laborers, which has lost characters of proletariat because of neoliberalism and post- Fordism, maintaining their subsistence on insecure, temporary and mostly informal activities. Guy Standing argues that the insecurity of the position opens a way to discrimination and stigmatization. The term precarious has a lot of faces, which include employment precarity, labor poverty, short term employment, difficulties in entering the labor market, gender-related inequalities etc. It conveys a difficulty to have a stable income to subsist without complementary social transfers.

The impact of the
These theories originated from the dual theory of (Doeringer and Piore 1971; Piore 1975 who were working on the labor market discrimination especially towards the disadvantaged groups such as the immigrants, ethnic minorities or the women. Apostole, Clairmont and Osberg state that the theory has developed essentially as a critique of, or supplement to explanations of employment-based differential life chances which are cast in terms of individual characteristics, human capital and economic
However, I believe that these perspectives only provide a partial picture of the labor relations and class positions in informal labor market. The imminent relation of the position of the workers to the capital accumulation processes hides behind the righteous observations on the segmentation and discrimination. Samir Amin productively sees the gap and carries the discussion to a more macro level. He