Elisa and Ria
ELISA Radioimmunoassay Technique and Theory
ELISA Radioimmunoassays
Copyright 2006 - AntibodyStation.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and competitive inhibition assay.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are direct binding assays for antibody or antigen and both work on the same principle, but the means of detecting specific binding is different. Radioimmunoassays are commonly used to measure the levels of hormones in blood and tissue fluids, while ELISA assays are frequently used in viral diagnostics. For both these methods one needs a pure preparation of a known antigen or antibody, or both, in order to standardize the assay. This assay will be described with a sample of pure antibody, but the principle is similar if pure antigen is used instead. In RIA for an antigen, pure antibody against that antigen is radioactively labeled, usually with 125I; for the ELISA, an enzyme is linked chemically to the antibody. The unlabeled component, which in this case would be antigen, is attached to a solid support, such as the wells of a plastic multiwell plate, which will absorb a certain amount of any protein.
The labeled antibody is allowed to bind to the unlabeled antigen, under conditions where nonspecific absorption is blocked, and any unbound antibody and other proteins are washed away.
Antibody binding to RIA is measured directly in terms of the amount of radioactivity retained by the coated wells, whereas in Elisa, binding is detected by a reaction that converts a colorless substrate into a colored reaction product. The color change can be read directly in the reaction tray, making data collection very easy, and ELISA also avoids the hazards of radioactivity. This makes ELISA the preferred method for more direct binding assays.
Labeled anti-immunoglobulin anti-bodies can also be used in RIA or ELISA to detect binding of unlabeled antibody to unlabeled
ELISA Radioimmunoassays
Copyright 2006 - AntibodyStation.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and competitive inhibition assay.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are direct binding assays for antibody or antigen and both work on the same principle, but the means of detecting specific binding is different. Radioimmunoassays are commonly used to measure the levels of hormones in blood and tissue fluids, while ELISA assays are frequently used in viral diagnostics. For both these methods one needs a pure preparation of a known antigen or antibody, or both, in order to standardize the assay. This assay will be described with a sample of pure antibody, but the principle is similar if pure antigen is used instead. In RIA for an antigen, pure antibody against that antigen is radioactively labeled, usually with 125I; for the ELISA, an enzyme is linked chemically to the antibody. The unlabeled component, which in this case would be antigen, is attached to a solid support, such as the wells of a plastic multiwell plate, which will absorb a certain amount of any protein.
The labeled antibody is allowed to bind to the unlabeled antigen, under conditions where nonspecific absorption is blocked, and any unbound antibody and other proteins are washed away.
Antibody binding to RIA is measured directly in terms of the amount of radioactivity retained by the coated wells, whereas in Elisa, binding is detected by a reaction that converts a colorless substrate into a colored reaction product. The color change can be read directly in the reaction tray, making data collection very easy, and ELISA also avoids the hazards of radioactivity. This makes ELISA the preferred method for more direct binding assays.
Labeled anti-immunoglobulin anti-bodies can also be used in RIA or ELISA to detect binding of unlabeled antibody to unlabeled