Fema
Construction of a Simplified Wood Gas Generator for Fueling Internal Combustion Engines in a Petroleum Emergency
By: H. LaFontaine, Biomass Energy Foundation, lnc. Miami, Florida And: F. P. Zimmerman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Division FEMA lnteragency Agreement Number: EMW-84-E-1737 Work Unit: 3521 D For:
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C. 20472
"This report has been reviewed in the Federal Emergency Management Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency." Date Published: March 1989 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
:
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S.1. PRINCIPLES OF SOLID FUEL GASIFICATION S.2. THE STRATIFIED, DOWNDRAIFT GASIFIER 1. WHAT 1S A WOOD GAS GENERATOR AND HOW DOES IT WORK? 1.1.INTRODUCTION 1.2.PRINCIPLES OF SOLID FUEL GASIFICATION 1.3.BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.3.1.The World War II, Embowered Gasifier 1.3.2.The Stratified, Downdraft Gasifier 2. BUILDING YOUR OWN WOOD GAS GENERATOR 2.1. BUILDING THE GAS GENERATOR UNIT AND THE FUEL HOPPER 2.2. BUILDING THE PRIMARY FILTER UNIT. 2.3. BUILDING THE CARBURETING UNIT WITH THE AIR AND THROTTLE CONTROLS 3. OPERATING AND MAINTAINING YOUR WOOD GAS GENERATOR 3.1. USING WOOD AS A FUEL 3.2. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND ENGINE MODIFICATIONS 3.3. INITIAL START-UP PROCEDURE 3.4. ROUTINE START-UP PROCEDURE 3.5. DRIVING AND NORMAL OPERATION 3.6. SHUTTING DOWN THE GASIFIER UNIT
Contents
3.7. ROUTINE MAINTENANCE 3.7.1 Daily Maintenance 3.7.2 Weekly Maintenance (or every 15 hours of operation) 3.7.3 Biweekly Maintenance (or every 30 hours of operation) 3.8. OPERATING PROBLEMS AND TROUBLE-SHOOTING CONTENTS 3.9. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH GASIFIER OPERATION 3.9.1. Toxic Hazards 3.9.2. Technical Aspects of "Generator Gas, Poisoning" 3.9.3. Fire Hazard APPENDICES APPENDIX I. APPENDIX II. APPENDIX III. APPENDIX IV. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SI
By: H. LaFontaine, Biomass Energy Foundation, lnc. Miami, Florida And: F. P. Zimmerman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Division FEMA lnteragency Agreement Number: EMW-84-E-1737 Work Unit: 3521 D For:
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C. 20472
"This report has been reviewed in the Federal Emergency Management Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency." Date Published: March 1989 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
:
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S.1. PRINCIPLES OF SOLID FUEL GASIFICATION S.2. THE STRATIFIED, DOWNDRAIFT GASIFIER 1. WHAT 1S A WOOD GAS GENERATOR AND HOW DOES IT WORK? 1.1.INTRODUCTION 1.2.PRINCIPLES OF SOLID FUEL GASIFICATION 1.3.BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.3.1.The World War II, Embowered Gasifier 1.3.2.The Stratified, Downdraft Gasifier 2. BUILDING YOUR OWN WOOD GAS GENERATOR 2.1. BUILDING THE GAS GENERATOR UNIT AND THE FUEL HOPPER 2.2. BUILDING THE PRIMARY FILTER UNIT. 2.3. BUILDING THE CARBURETING UNIT WITH THE AIR AND THROTTLE CONTROLS 3. OPERATING AND MAINTAINING YOUR WOOD GAS GENERATOR 3.1. USING WOOD AS A FUEL 3.2. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND ENGINE MODIFICATIONS 3.3. INITIAL START-UP PROCEDURE 3.4. ROUTINE START-UP PROCEDURE 3.5. DRIVING AND NORMAL OPERATION 3.6. SHUTTING DOWN THE GASIFIER UNIT
Contents
3.7. ROUTINE MAINTENANCE 3.7.1 Daily Maintenance 3.7.2 Weekly Maintenance (or every 15 hours of operation) 3.7.3 Biweekly Maintenance (or every 30 hours of operation) 3.8. OPERATING PROBLEMS AND TROUBLE-SHOOTING CONTENTS 3.9. HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH GASIFIER OPERATION 3.9.1. Toxic Hazards 3.9.2. Technical Aspects of "Generator Gas, Poisoning" 3.9.3. Fire Hazard APPENDICES APPENDIX I. APPENDIX II. APPENDIX III. APPENDIX IV. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SI