In this lab the peroxidase enzyme is tested in a dormant avocado seed as well as an avocado seed undergoing the process of germination. A gas pressure will be used to test the seeds and see if the peroxidase enzyme is present in either of the seeds.…
For Figure 3, the rate of peroxidase activity greatly increased from the first to second pH, increasing .7 (AU/sec), while the second to third pH increased only .1. On the other hand, the third to final pH decreased, just like the temperature chart (Figure 2) .45 rate of activity.…
Enzymes are biological catalysts or assistants that consist of various types of proteins that work to drive the chemical reaction required for a specific action or nutrient. They can either launch a reaction or speed it up. Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The catalase used in this experiment will come from five different sources: Spinacia oleracea (Spinach), Brassica oleracea (Broccoli), Solanum tuberosum (Russet Potato), Malus domestica (Apple), and Allium cepa (Onion). The five different catalases from the sources will all be used to catalyze Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When hydrogen…
In our experiment we conducted an experiment to validify our hypothesis: “ If the enzyme concentration increases, it would alter the rate of which the color changes.” We hypothesized that the increase of an enzyme concentration would result in the increase of reaction rate; our experiment provided enough data to prove our hypothesis. The function of this experiment was to investigate how the influence of turnip peroxidase enzyme on the rate of reaction. As a given we would have 20g of turnip in 500 mL of deionized water. We would have a three different trials and in those trials we would do it three times.…
The results of our experiment showed the solutions in both tube 1 and tube 2 increasing in absorbency in the first eight minutes but then tube 1 continued to increase while tube 2 began to balance out. Tube 3, our blank, managed to stay at 0nm the entire twenty minutes. From this data, we can conclude that our hypothesis was supported that EDTA had a greater change in absorption over PTU.…
In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions (Raven, 2011). It helps accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is needed for reactions in cells to progress at a higher rate (Kaiser, 2001). Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur, yielding products from a given set of reactants. Products are results of an enzyme cleaving to a specific substrate, by means of an induced fit. The induced fit is located at the active site of the enzyme or region of the enzyme where the substrate is bound. The substrate is the reactant within the reaction that fits with the enzyme like a key into a lock. Once the substrate enters the enzyme’s active site the enzyme can flexibly change shape to more snugly bind, via the induced fit, to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The substrate is then metabolized or broken down, resulting in a product, which can be utilized to energize cells. Once the product is released from the active site the enzyme returns to…
Problem: How can we demonstrate how enzymes work? What happens if we alter the environment of an enzyme?…
We found a study about the effects of glycosylation and pH conditions in the dynamics of human arylsuffatase A. They concluded that lowering pH and increasing glycosylation reduced the flexibility of the enzyme. Also, at acidic pH levels the glycosylated enzyme had a higher conformational stability. This study was similar to ours in that it investigated how pH conditions affect enzyme functionality. They found optimal pH conditions for the enzyme like we did, but they took into account another variable that is that influenced functionality…
The hypothesis for the effect of various pHs on the activity of the peroxidase enzyme was not clear enough and did not predict any results. Based on the experiment, the best pH for the peroxidase enzyme is pH 5.…
The enzyme peroxidase has been shown to break down H2O2. Enzymes are known to increase the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs. We looked at factors that affected the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. These effects are the different temperatures and pH levels the enzymes were placed in. We found that the optimum, or best condition, temperature for the enzymes tested was about 22 degrees Celsius. The optimum pH level for the enzyme was 7.…
Over a two week period of time in the laboratory, we experimented and tested the reaction rate of a peroxidase enzyme and the factors that affected it, both positively and negatively. The purpose of these experiments was to probe and manipulate the activity of the enzyme peroxidase by varying temperature, pH, the amount of enzyme compared to the substrate and the effect of hydroxylamine. Peroxidase activity is expressed when the potato extract is subjected to stresses such as low temperature (El-hilali et al., 2012). The most eye catching factors that we tested for their impact on enzyme activity involved change in pH, temperature, boiling extract, and the effects of probing the active site with hydroxylamine. In the first part of…
Enzyme B produced the most maltose at a high temperature (100 ºC) and an acidic pH.…
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RATE OF CATALASE REACTION IN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE INTRODUCTION Enzymes function similarly to a lock a key mechanism where only one specific key will work (U and Fischer, 1994). An enzyme is a macromolecule that acts to increase the rate of either a substrate breaking down into two or more products, or where two substrates join up to form one product (Dundon, 2018). These enzymes perform this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur under normal conditions. For the enzymes to lower the activation energy they can either orientate two or more substrates so that they are more likely to form the interactions required than if they were in free space, or they can break a substrate into multiple…
In this experiment we are trying to determine the effect temperature has on catalase activity. We started out with five test tubes and then labeled them as we went about, after we added a catalase extract to each tube. Once added to each test tube they all sat in their respected temperature for ten minutes, so they could have a full effect. Once the time was up each was then collected and then we began to shake them from side to side for the foaming to start. When the foam settled, we discovered some things that we didn’t think would happen, for example to lower the temperature the more reactive the catalase was.…
Enzymes are catalysts that are used to speed up chemical reactions. Adding inorganic catalysts to reactants increase the rate of most chemical reactions. However, all enzymes are different and there are numerous amounts. Many enzymes are essential for life and reactions would not happen rapidly to maintain life with the help of enzymes. Specific enzymes lower the activation energy for specific reactions and shapes.…