The ‘wide use’ of military justice in the Directory to control brigandage shaped the harsh measurement in Napoleon’s rule suggested by Jones can be reinforced by the conseil de guerre, put in place by the Directory in 1796, a more comprehensive military justice system than before. The reforms were instrumental in placing military justice on a firmer footing than it had known. The penal code were enacted by the Directory legislature in 1796, specified harsh penalties like death sentences and desertion under fire, which served as the backbone of French military justice until 1857. Made the point of Jones more credible that the Directory is repressive by using police forces and censorship to control, Napoleon learnt and inherited the structure of a police state. There were elements of a police state in the Directory, but uncompleted, like the Police Ministry for example. Jones raised a reasonable argument that Napoleon further developed a police state based on the streamline of the Directory
The ‘wide use’ of military justice in the Directory to control brigandage shaped the harsh measurement in Napoleon’s rule suggested by Jones can be reinforced by the conseil de guerre, put in place by the Directory in 1796, a more comprehensive military justice system than before. The reforms were instrumental in placing military justice on a firmer footing than it had known. The penal code were enacted by the Directory legislature in 1796, specified harsh penalties like death sentences and desertion under fire, which served as the backbone of French military justice until 1857. Made the point of Jones more credible that the Directory is repressive by using police forces and censorship to control, Napoleon learnt and inherited the structure of a police state. There were elements of a police state in the Directory, but uncompleted, like the Police Ministry for example. Jones raised a reasonable argument that Napoleon further developed a police state based on the streamline of the Directory