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Crew resource management or cockpit resource management[1][2] (CRM) is a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used primarily for improving air safety, CRM focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit.
Crew resource management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crew resource management or cockpit resource management[1][2] (CRM) is a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used primarily for improving air safety, CRM focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit.
CRM grew out of an NTSB analysis of the crash of United Airlines Flight 173 where the plane ran out of fuel while the flight crew were troubleshooting a landing gear problem.[3] The NTSB issued its landmark recommendation to require CRM training for airline crews on June 7, 1979. A few weeks later, NASA held a workshop on the topic, endorsing this innovative training.[4] United Airlines was the first airline to provide CRM training for its cockpit crews in 1981.[5]
Since that time, CRM training concepts have been modified for application to a wide range of activities where people must make dangerous time-critical decisions. These arenas include air traffic control, ship handling, firefighting, and medical operating rooms.[6]
Contents [hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Communication
2 Case studies
2.1 United Airlines Flight 173
2.2 United
Crew resource management or cockpit resource management[1][2] (CRM) is a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used primarily for improving air safety, CRM focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit.
Crew resource management
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crew resource management or cockpit resource management[1][2] (CRM) is a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used primarily for improving air safety, CRM focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit.
CRM grew out of an NTSB analysis of the crash of United Airlines Flight 173 where the plane ran out of fuel while the flight crew were troubleshooting a landing gear problem.[3] The NTSB issued its landmark recommendation to require CRM training for airline crews on June 7, 1979. A few weeks later, NASA held a workshop on the topic, endorsing this innovative training.[4] United Airlines was the first airline to provide CRM training for its cockpit crews in 1981.[5]
Since that time, CRM training concepts have been modified for application to a wide range of activities where people must make dangerous time-critical decisions. These arenas include air traffic control, ship handling, firefighting, and medical operating rooms.[6]
Contents [hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Communication
2 Case studies
2.1 United Airlines Flight 173
2.2 United
References: edit] ^ Jump up to: a b Diehl, Alan (2013) "Air Safety Investigators: Using Science to Save Lives-One Crash at a Time." Xlibris Corporation Jump up ^ Helmreich, R. L.; Merritt, A. C.; Wilhelm, J. A. (1999). "The Evolution of Crew Resource Management Training in Commercial Aviation". International Journal of Aviation Psychology 9 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap0901_2. PMID 11541445. Jump up ^ Diehl, Alan (June, 1994). "Crew Resource Management...It 's Not Just for Fliers Anymore." Flying Safety, USAF Safety Agency. Jump up ^ Diehl, Alan (November 5, 1992) "The Effectiveness of Civil and Military Cockpit Management Training Programs." Flight Safety Foundation, 45th International Air Safety Seminar, Long Beach, CA. Jump up ^ International Association of Fire Chiefs (2003). "Crew Resource Management: A positive change for the fire service". Retrieved 6 September 2010. Jump up ^ International Civil Aviation Organization,Circular 153-An/56, Mortreal, Canada, 1978) Jump up ^ http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/aviation/crashes/10-airplane-crashes-that-changed-aviation#slide-1 Jump up ^ Otelli, Jean-Pierre (October 13, 2011). Erreurs de pilotage Tome 5 [Pilot Error vol. 5] (in French). Altipresse. ISBN 979-1-090465-03-9.