Preview

Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
645 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Experiment 3 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Discussion

The success of extracting each compound out of the solution can be seen in the IR graphs for each substance. For ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, the N-H, C=O and C-O are distinguishable in their proper wavenumber positions. The amino N-H stretch was found between 3224 cm-1 and 3423 cm-1. The C=O was found at 1681 cm-1 and the C-O was at 1280 cm-1. The IR for benzoic acid also displays its significant bonds, O-H and C=O. The O-H was between 2566 and 3222 cm-1 and the C=O stretch was found at 1685 cm-1. The IR for 9-fluorenone did not show any significant bonds except for at 1681 cm-1, the C=O stretch.

To separate 4-aminobenzoate into an aqueous layer, HCl was added to protonate the NH2 side group and form a salt, creating its high solubility in water and low solubility in ether. This allowed the immiscible layers to be distinguished. The addition of NaOH after pouring out the aqueous solution allowed for aminobenzoate to reform from its salt form. However, while inverting the funnel to vent before pouring out the layer, some solution leaked out of the cap, which may account for the loss of completely recovering this compound because only 39.3% of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate was recovered.

For the recovery of benzoic acid, NaOH was added to convert the carboxylic acid of the benzene to the water-soluble benzoate anion, which dissolves in the aqueous NaOH solution while the non-acidic impurities remain in the organic phase. After separating the aqueous layer into an Erlenmeyer flask, the basic solution of sodium benzoate was acidified by washing it with HCl and filtering it with DI water. This compound had to most significant recovery of 46. 3%, but some may have been lost through the leakage of the previous extraction.

The neutral compound left in the organic layer was the most difficult to extract. It’s IR graph does not properly show a pure substance, but many errors were involved in its extraction. Since

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    The benzoic acid may not have fully dissolved and been counted in as sand particles…

    • 288 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In this experiment we also used a chemical method known as extraction. This process of separation is used when only one component of the mixture is soluble in a specific solvent. In our case we had to use hydrochloric acid (HCl).Extractions, is a way to separate a desired substance when it is mixed with others. The mixture is brought into contact with a solvent in which the substance of interest is soluble, but the other substances present are insoluble. And below is a…

    • 854 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative found in jellies, jams, sodas, fruit juices, etc... Its acid, Benzoic Acid, is an organic preservative that stops the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.…

    • 602 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative used in food products such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This experiment aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is formed from it’s superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach acid, which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of sufficient hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is yielded. The percentage yield is determined from the calculations of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the actual yield from the reaction. Also throughout the experiment, some basic laboratory operations such as measuring mass and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids are familiarized with.…

    • 1347 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Lab 2

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The purpose of this lab was to produce benzoic acid by mixing sodium benzoate with hydrochloric acid. The Hydrochloric acid used in the experiment was a stock solution made by mixing HCl Acid and deionized water. HCl acid, historically called, muriatic acid or spirits of salt, hydrochloric acid is produced from sulfuric acid and common salt, NaCl (Princeton.edu). Since the early 1900 's, sodium benzoate has been used as a food preservative (SolarNavigator). It is utilized in a wide range of preservative applications due to its antimicrobial action combined with its low toxicity and low taste (SolarNavigator).…

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Chem Lab

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages

    There are millions of different organic compounds. Most of them are found in mixtures and in order to achieve a pure form they need to be separated, isolated, and purified. However, there are endless numbers of possible mixtures, which make it impossible to have a pre-designed procedure for every mixture. So chemists often have to make their own procedures. The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the student to the real world by them designing their own procedure which will help them understand the techniques of separation and purification better. The goal was to extract two of the components of the mixture that consisted of 50% benzoic acid, 40% benzoin, and 10% dibromobenzene. The benzoic acid was extracted by the use of base and extraction technique. Then a crystallization was performed in order to separate benzoin by the use of hexane a solvent, leaving the dibromobenzne in the mother liquor. The percent recovery for benzoic acid was 91.8% and 80.3% for the benzoin. The MP for benzoic acid was 119-122°C (1) and 135-136°C (2)for the benzoin. The high percent recovery and closeness of measured MP to the literature value indicate that the designed procedure was successful.…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Orgo1 Lab 1

    • 710 Words
    • 4 Pages

    *Note that for Experiment 4B, this calculation does not provide a true partition coefficient because benzoic acid is chemically modified in the procedure. The value is still useful for illustrating the distribution of benzoic acid and its derivatives between the two phases.…

    • 710 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    9. The combined organic layers were then extracted with 25 mL of saturated sodium chloride and discarded the…

    • 1013 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The purpose of this experiment was to use solvent extraction techniques in order to separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid (p-toulic acid), a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol), and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent, the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion, 2004).…

    • 1456 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the separations of mixtures and solids.…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    This experiment was started with a clear solution of sodium benzoate and HCl was added to it, ultimately producing benzoic acid. First, .3395 g of sodium benzoate was weighed, then it was dissolved in water, causing it to disassociate into ions. Next, 3M of HCl were added drop wise to the solution until it reached a pH of 2, thus introducing the hydronium ion. This addition caused a white, solid benzoic acid to precipitate out of the solution. A vacuum filtration system was used to separate the solid from the liquid. What was once water soluable became insoluable.…

    • 690 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Benzoic acid can be found in a wide variety of plants. It is used as a natural preservative in many foods. Sodium benzoate, the salt of benzoic acid, has become a more popular choice as a food preservative because it is more soluble in water than benzoic acid. Many food items found today are preserved with sodium benzoate.…

    • 500 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Separation of a Mixture

    • 493 Words
    • 2 Pages

    From the data collected and the results calculated, I can conclude the percent yield of naphthalene and salicylic acid. (SAL is handwritten in the data tables above). The five melting points for the mixture, crude and pure naphthalene and salicylic acid are also provided above. The final mass of naphthalene was 0.0520g and the theoretical value was 0.174g. I found these values by…

    • 493 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Naoh Reaction Lab

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages

    A 0.170g sample consisting of a mixture of 0.110g of an unknown neutral compound and 0.060g of benzoic acid was mixed with ether and shaken until all solids dissolved. NaOH was added, shaken, allowed to separate and the bottom layer removed and transferred to a test tube labeled “NaOH 1st extract”.…

    • 1191 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    This mixture was then separated equally into two centrifuge tubes where 3 mL of diethyl ether was then added. After gently shaking and venting the centrifuge tubes the bottom aqueous layer was extracted and stored in a separate…

    • 431 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays