Notes of Methodology
Chapter I Historical Background of English vocabulary
Linguistic Notions:
1. Cognate 2. Etymology
3. Jargon
4. The core vocabulary 5. The learned vocabulary 6. Dialect 7. Inflection 6.
Linguistic knowledge
3 Language classification
(a) Isolating Each idea expressed in a separate word or morpheme; words tend to be monosyllabic e.g, Chinese; (b) Agglutinative Words made of multiple syllables; each syllable has meaning e.g., Turkish. For example, ev (house), evler (houses), evlerde (in the houses), evlerden (from the houses)
(c) Inflective An alteration in or addition to a form of a word to indicate such things as case, gender, number, mood, and tense; one fusional affix may mark several grammatical categories at the same time, e.g., Latin & Old English
(d) Incorporative Major sentence elements incorporated into single word e.g., Inuktitut (Eskimo): Qasuiirsarvigssarsingitluinarnarpuq means "Someone did not find a completely suitable resting place"
3. Language family • In time, with enough migrations, a single language can evolve into an entire family of languages. • Languages in the same family, share many common grammatical features and many of the key words • Indo-European language family
4. Language change •Accents •Dialects •Languages
Stories about words:
1.applaud / explode 2.gossip, kidnap
Expanding vocabulary
1. comprise
2. incomprehensible 3. accelerate
4. target words
5. inference 6. attribute 7. venerable 8. vulnerable 9. illustrative 10. environment
•
The development of English vocabulary
For English majors, we should have some ideas about the historical development of the English vocabulary as well as about its rapid growth today. •
Linguistic Notions:
1. Cognate 2. Etymology
3. Jargon
4. The core vocabulary 5. The learned vocabulary 6. Dialect 7. Inflection 6.
Linguistic knowledge
3 Language classification
(a) Isolating Each idea expressed in a separate word or morpheme; words tend to be monosyllabic e.g, Chinese; (b) Agglutinative Words made of multiple syllables; each syllable has meaning e.g., Turkish. For example, ev (house), evler (houses), evlerde (in the houses), evlerden (from the houses)
(c) Inflective An alteration in or addition to a form of a word to indicate such things as case, gender, number, mood, and tense; one fusional affix may mark several grammatical categories at the same time, e.g., Latin & Old English
(d) Incorporative Major sentence elements incorporated into single word e.g., Inuktitut (Eskimo): Qasuiirsarvigssarsingitluinarnarpuq means "Someone did not find a completely suitable resting place"
3. Language family • In time, with enough migrations, a single language can evolve into an entire family of languages. • Languages in the same family, share many common grammatical features and many of the key words • Indo-European language family
4. Language change •Accents •Dialects •Languages
Stories about words:
1.applaud / explode 2.gossip, kidnap
Expanding vocabulary
1. comprise
2. incomprehensible 3. accelerate
4. target words
5. inference 6. attribute 7. venerable 8. vulnerable 9. illustrative 10. environment
•
The development of English vocabulary
For English majors, we should have some ideas about the historical development of the English vocabulary as well as about its rapid growth today. •