Phonetics- Stress
Stress
By:
Noha Wafa'i Moussa Diab
Under supervision of:
Prof. Afaf Abduel Hamied
* Stress definition:
In phonetics, stress is defined as an intensity given to a syllable of speech by a special effort in utterance, resulting in relative loudness. This emphasis in pronunciation may be merely phonetic (i.e. noticeable to the listener but not meaningful). For example, stress differentiates the noun from the verb as in 'present' or 'permit'. * The characteristics of stressed syllables:
We can identify stressed syllables by two different ways:
Production & perception A) Production: the production of stress depends on the speaker's use of more energy for producing stressed syllables. B) Perception: all stressed syllables have no characteristic in common and that is 'prominence'.
* What makes a syllable prominent?
There are four reasons to make a syllable prominent: 1- Loudness: Stressed syllables are louder than unstressed.
2- Length: stressed syllables are longer than unstressed.
3- Pitch: to place some movement of pitch (whether rising or falling) is considered a kind of stress on that syllable. A stresses syllable is the one which carries a change in Tone "pitch".
4- Quality: A syllable which contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighbouring vowels is considered a stressed syllable. * These 4 factors of prominence work together. * Pitch and length are the most important ones.
* Levels of Stress:
1- Primary stress: like a fall from higher to lower pitch.
Ex: round. 2- Secondary stress: this is a type of stress weaker than primary stress.
Ex: the first syllable of the words: photographic , anthropology
-secondary stress is sometimes represented in transcription with a low mark (,).
3- Unstressed: The absence of any recognizable amount of prominence.
⟹ We may have a third
By:
Noha Wafa'i Moussa Diab
Under supervision of:
Prof. Afaf Abduel Hamied
* Stress definition:
In phonetics, stress is defined as an intensity given to a syllable of speech by a special effort in utterance, resulting in relative loudness. This emphasis in pronunciation may be merely phonetic (i.e. noticeable to the listener but not meaningful). For example, stress differentiates the noun from the verb as in 'present' or 'permit'. * The characteristics of stressed syllables:
We can identify stressed syllables by two different ways:
Production & perception A) Production: the production of stress depends on the speaker's use of more energy for producing stressed syllables. B) Perception: all stressed syllables have no characteristic in common and that is 'prominence'.
* What makes a syllable prominent?
There are four reasons to make a syllable prominent: 1- Loudness: Stressed syllables are louder than unstressed.
2- Length: stressed syllables are longer than unstressed.
3- Pitch: to place some movement of pitch (whether rising or falling) is considered a kind of stress on that syllable. A stresses syllable is the one which carries a change in Tone "pitch".
4- Quality: A syllable which contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighbouring vowels is considered a stressed syllable. * These 4 factors of prominence work together. * Pitch and length are the most important ones.
* Levels of Stress:
1- Primary stress: like a fall from higher to lower pitch.
Ex: round. 2- Secondary stress: this is a type of stress weaker than primary stress.
Ex: the first syllable of the words: photographic , anthropology
-secondary stress is sometimes represented in transcription with a low mark (,).
3- Unstressed: The absence of any recognizable amount of prominence.
⟹ We may have a third