Planning Material, JNTUK
unit-1
PLANNING AND CO-ORDINATION
Planning: Nature and principles of planning, Steps in planning, types of planning, Levels of planning – The Planning Process-MBO. Decision making-role-significance – decision making process-decision tree analysis. Co-ordination-principles.
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INTRODUCTION:
Planning in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan Psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like.
The concept of planning is to identify what the organization wants to do by using the four questions which are "where are we today in terms of our business or strategy planning? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? How are we going to get there?
The term is also used for describing the formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as the creation of documents, diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used.
Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension: on the one hand we need to be prepared for what may lie ahead, which may mean contingencies and flexible processes. On the other hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our own planning and actions. Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources.
The objectives are general parts of the planning process. They
PLANNING AND CO-ORDINATION
Planning: Nature and principles of planning, Steps in planning, types of planning, Levels of planning – The Planning Process-MBO. Decision making-role-significance – decision making process-decision tree analysis. Co-ordination-principles.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTRODUCTION:
Planning in organizations and public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan Psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired goal on some scale. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like.
The concept of planning is to identify what the organization wants to do by using the four questions which are "where are we today in terms of our business or strategy planning? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? How are we going to get there?
The term is also used for describing the formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as the creation of documents, diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used.
Two attitudes to planning need to be held in tension: on the one hand we need to be prepared for what may lie ahead, which may mean contingencies and flexible processes. On the other hand, our future is shaped by consequences of our own planning and actions. Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources.
The objectives are general parts of the planning process. They