Aristotle was a Greece philosopher lived from 384BC to 322BC. He wrote and taught many subjects in his career. One of his incredible writings included Rhetoric. Rhetoric is the art used to persuade or motivate an audience. Persuasion is an art used as a tool to change people’s belief, behavior, or even there attitude towards certain things. The Greece philosophers believed that to be truly effective to the audience you had to use a motivational way. The three ways Aristotle covered in Rhetoric subject was Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.…
Gorgias had been arguing that rhetoric was almost synonymous with power, as a rhetor can convince anyone to do anything. This, to Gorgias and Polus, is true power and will lead to one’s happiness. However, from the measly two pages or so of argument, Socrates is able to prove sound doubt as to whether this is true or not. This is all to back up Socrates’ earlier claim that “both rhetors and tyrants have the smallest power in the cities” (466d4-5). By using the argument of justice, Socrates is able to prove that doing what is unjust is not good for anyone, especially the person committing the injustices.…
In an essence, Plato found rhetoric to be bad because of the five problems being that rhetoric is seductive, vague, arouses emotions, used for monetary purposes, and quality changing. In consideration with the persuasive nature of rhetoric being able to out the truth. Whereas, Aristotle believed rhetoric to be beneficial to democracy, due to rhetoric being a component in the process of finding the truth. The third classical Greek Sophist brought forth ideas of ethics. Isocrates believed that teaching for money was unethical, but emphasized educating the youth to give back to the community. These Sophists taught rhetoric in different forms, but all brought forth the groundwork for how rhetoric is practiced and studied today.…
The purpose of the major crime-reporting programs is to provide an overview of criminal activity. These programs seek to gain information about the frequency of crimes being committed, the victims impacted by such crimes, and also the type of crime committed. When these programs are used successfully an accurate picture of crime (through statistics) can be presented, therefore allowing such programs to aid lawmakers and other government officials. Such statistics aid in creating crime control programs, planning laws, and also give an idea as to what budget needs set forth for these things. To consider a crime-reporting program successful in the United States, the program would need to present an accurate picture of crimes. Unfortunately, this can be hard to accomplish. Reasons such programs face problems is because not all agencies report crimes the same way, if multiple crimes are committed only the most serious may be listed, some victims do not report crimes, or a crime may be reported as cleared when it has not been solved to name a few examples. For these programs to have real success, departments throughout the United States would need to work together to set standards for how and what is reported.…
One more prominent figure in the classical history of rhetoric is Plato (428-347 B.C). Plato believed that the purpose of philosophy was to discover truth that should be independent of any special calculation of interest; he was suspicious of rhetoric because he thought it lacked any concern with a truth that was separate from the speaker’s interest. An opposition therefore developed in the classical period between rhetoric and dialectic (1), dialectic gave equal weight to both sides of an argument, while rhetoric was concerned with persuasion from a particular perspective rather than presenting a balanced point of view. For Plato, rhetoric was deceptive, because it only showed a perspective that fitted with the speaker’s point of view.…
Plato adopted persuasion by argument to provide an explanation about the societal issues. Therefore, he believes that proper steps have to be taken in order to persuade other groups. Firstly, Socrates strives to use three arguments to support just life in that a just man is good and wise while the unjust person is bad and ignorant. Injustice produces disharmony preventing effective actions, while justice helps one to live a much happier life. It shows that one will choose to be just rather than unjust due to the outcomes that result from both just and unjust behaviors. Plato depicts that evil is not the basis of strength, but of dissolution and discord.…
In speaking of effective rhetorical persuasion, we must appeal to our target audience in a way that will get them to accept or act upon the point of view we are trying to portray. Aristotle said that we persuade others by three means: (1) by the appeal to their reason (logos); (2) by the appeal to their emotions (pathos); and (3) by the appeal of our personality or character (ethos) (Corbett and Connors 32). When Socrates, an infamous rhetorician, gave his “apology” to his fellow Athenians after being accused of atheism or not believing in the gods and corrupting the youth with similar teachings, he employed all three modes of persuasion to prove his innocence. Despite the imbalance of ethos, logos and pathos throughout his speech, I sustain that Socrates did make use of all three modes in his defense whether tactful or not.…
The accusers claim that Socrates is one of many Sophists who are “very good speakers. Indeed, they [have] reputations for being able to convince a crowd that up [is] down, that day [is] night, that the wrong answer could be the right answer, that good [is] bad and bad is good, even that injustice is justice and justice would be made to appear as injustice” (Pecorino). Furthermore, Sophists are paid for delivering speech and only care about winning debates and lawsuits more than anything else. Thus, most of them are feared and hated by Athenian people. Nevertheless, Socrates distinguish himself from Sophists by giving evidence that he “live[s]in great poverty because of [his] service to the god” (Plato 23b). While Sophists such as Gorgias of Leontini, Producs of Ceos, and Hippias of Elis charge fee for their services, Socrates never asks or receive money from anyone whom he approaches and asks questions regarding to wisdom and virtue. Unlike Sophists who are wealth and famous, Socrates is so poor because of his free service. In addition, Socrates’ intention is to help other people understand virtue and become wiser rather than teaching them how to become good speakers as Sophists do. Therefore, Socrates is not guilty of “[making] the worse into the stronger argument” (Plato…
Thrasymachus once said, “It doesn’t pay to be just”. Ever since the ancient Greek times people have been in search for the perfect meaning of justice. Some have come up with a good definition but even then, there still remains a point to argue proving that the definition incorrect. In Plato’s Republic he starts off with book one, a discussion on what justice is through Socrates. Throughout book one, Socrates argues with Cephalus, Polemarcus and Thrasymachus on why their definition of justice is incorrect. Through the arguments he provides examples as to why people might disagree with the definition. Through the conversation Socrates has with the men Plato proves a connection to his book seven the allegory of the cave. The allegory of the cave is based on how people on only so educated on the area around them because that’s what they grew into. While Dr. Tom Brickhouse, provided a lecture on how to understand Plato’s Republic. Even today people still argue on the true meaning of justice but ones understanding of justice can be is only so because you only know what you have seen and heard.…
Plato encouraged in his writings that the view that sophists were concerned with was “the manipulative aspects of how humans acquire knowledge.” (Lecture) Sophists believed that only provisional or probable knowledge was available to humans but both Plato and Isocrates did not agree with a lot of what the Sophists had to say. They both believed in wisdom and having a connection with rhetoric but vary in defining wisdom in itself. Wisdom for Socrates and Plato is having an understanding of speech, knowledge of truth and being able to question the speaker in order to seek and reveal truth. Isocrates defined wisdom as having a sense of integrity and character along with the ambition and ability to speak well with others.…
Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and pupil of the philosopher Socrates, relays his interpretation of Socrates’ defence against the Athenian council in, An Excerpt from Plato’s Apology. In the writings, (which may be biased being as Plato was an admirer of Socrates), Socrates attempts to dispel the charges laid against him. Throughout the excerpt, there is much acknowledgement surronding the scuttlebut in cirulation emcompassing Socrates, why and how he earned he vile names, his everlasting support of philosophical studies, and the importance of finding and improving the sole. All developing the thesis of Socrates’ attempt to prove that he is not a conceited, boastful philosopher but in reality there is a method to his madness.…
Socrates suggests that rhetoric, practiced by Gorgias, is not an area of expertise or “tekhne” as they describe. Socrates believes that it is just a branch of flattery. The definition of flattery is such: Flattery is a representation of false arts in Socrates’ opinion. People who try and create good impressions just for excitement and pleasure are practicing flattery. Socrates states that the false arts are standing against the true forms of art, which target the good for its own sake. Socrates tries to prove this in his writing.…
Plato 's definition of rhetoric is, "the art of ruling the minds of men." (Atlantic Monthly)…
To persuade or not to persuade; that is rhetoric. The art of effective speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other techniques is the exact definition of rhetoric. Rhetoric is considered an art and is influential to writers today. Rhetoric is often known as persuasion but, depending who you are, could view it as trickery. Aristotle is most known for his use of rhetoric in his writings, he wrote a book titled, “Rhetoric’ as a matter of fact.…
Plato was known to be one of Socrates ' students, and knew him for over 40 years. Although Plato 's version of Apology is popularly believed to be (the most accurate) historical recount of what happened in 399 B.C on the day of Socrates ' trial, historians cannot be sure the validity of everything he wrote. It can be argued that it is actually a philosophical work, remarking on the teachings of Socrates and his beliefs, which he stood by even until his death. Plato does attempt to develop a new mission for philosophy through this text. By writing Apology, Plato hopes to inspire "deeper thinking" amongst everyone. There are three main themes in Apology that seemed to show Plato and Socrates ' philosophies. These themes attribute to what they hope to instill in others, and are akin to their other teachings. Some of these are 'moral codes ', while others are contrasts to other philosophies.…