Post 17th Century European History Notes

HIS 105 Exam 3

I. Multiple Choice
Mark the item that best answers the question.

According to romantic nationalism,

b. peoples had the right of self-government because they were of the same ethnicity and had a shared language and history.

European liberals tended to be:

d. educated middle-class professionals.

Conservatives in Europe advocated:

a. monarchies, landed aristocracies, and established churches.

Charles X of France issued the Four Ordinances:

b. in an effort to completely undo the French Revolution.

5. The Haitian slave revolt slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture:

c. led to the independence of Haiti.

The Europe-wide revolutions of 1848:

d. all failed.

Classical economists such as Malthus and Ricardo:

a. believed generally in laissez-faire and were pessimistic about the working class.

Italian nationalists:

a. were divided over whether Italy should be a monarchy or republic.

9. The Crimean War:
a. began Russia’s gradual decline in actual political power and influence.

10. Otto von Bismarck:

c. mastered Realpolitik, an influential style of pragmatic power politics.

11. Austrian military defeats and the power of Prussia forced Emperor Franz Joseph:

c. to form the Dual Monarchy with Hungary.

12. The British Education Act of 1870:

c. created the first national system of schools.

II. Short Answer
Choose two of the following questions. Your answer should be approximately one paragraph.

What was Chartism?
A working class movement for reform in Britian. The workers were looking for social reform. A petition was rejected in 1848 which brought a end to the movement.

Why did European states create police forces in the nineteenth century?
The european states were fearful of future chaos and social unrest. The population was growing and as it did, so did the crime rate. Police forces were created to provide security and justice.

III. Essay Question
Choose one of the following questions. Your answer should be three or more paragraphs in length.

What were the main ideals of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?

Karl Marx Viewed history as a ongoing struggle and conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The oppressors and the oppressed. Marx believed this struggle would eventually lead to a egalitarian, or classless, society. Marx believed that under the system of capitalism, the dominant class, which he called the bourgeoise, controls and manipulates the political and economic system in order to control and exploit the working class. Marx's views were shared by Fredrick Engels. In 1848 both men saw what they believed was the inevitable collapse of socialism and tyranny of capitalism and decided a new system would need to be established. They gathered their ideas and in 1848 released the communist manifesto, the guide book for Marxism and inspiration for what became communism.

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