Pt1420 Final Exam

Biotechnology
Lecture 1:
1) A genome is:
a. All of the genes in an organism
b. All the DNA in an organism, including its genes
c. A method of creating stem cells
d. All of the chromosomes in an organism
e. All of the DNA, except the genes
2) DNA stands for:
a. Detroit Neutron Association
b. Dioxin Ribonucleic Acid
c. Dioxygen Nueberg Assay
d. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
e. None of these answers are correct
3) The first draft of the human genome was first published in the Journal Nature. Knowing all the genes in humans may have profound affects on which areas in the future?
a. Marine Sciences and Ecology
b. Medicine and Pharmacy
c. Insurance
d. Anthropology, Psychology, Psychiatry, and Forensics
e. The areas in all of the answers above have already been affected
4) There is currently a wide gap between the knowledge of the general public about DNA, recent advances in biology and biotechnology, as well as the actual applications in the real world most likely because:
a. Teaching modern biology is outlawed in most states in the US in favor of religious studies
b. The advances have been so rapid, often controversial and this material is not required in most schools
c. The biotechnology companies have conspired to keep the public ‘in the dark’
d. It is simply irrelevant to the lives of most people
e. It is only conveyed in the mainstream media by neo-conservative right wing radicals and religious fundamentalists to make sure it is not funded
5) Science is:
a. A field of study that requires certain laws of nature to be taken on faith
b. Both a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena
c. A process that can be applied only within the scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and physics
d. The only way to understand the natural world
e. None of the above
6) All of the following are elements of biological literacy except:
a. The ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a biological component
b. Reading the most important books in biology
c. The ability to integrate into your decision-making a consideration of issues having a biological component
d. The ability to communicate with others about issues having a biological component
e. All of the above are elements of biological literacy
7) The World Population:
a. Has not increased in the last decade due to the success worldwide of zero population growth methods
b. Is now at seven billion people and growing exponentially
c. Suffered a huge setback from the AIDS epidemic
d. Will never overwhelm resources or result in a toxic environment
e. Will require only those resources afforded to us to survive
8) Biotechnology is:
a. The use manipulation of DNA to produce something harmful to people
b. The use of biological organisms by humans to produce something useful
c. The use management of living organisms or their components to produce something useful for people
d. The use manipulation of crop plants to control agriculture
e. The major cause of global warming
9) Biotechnology is controversial because:
a. It causes various side effects including geopolitical destruction
b. It has not been proven to be safe
c. It has both positive and negative potentials and education about it has been lacking
d. The use manipulation of crop plants has destroyed agriculture
e. It is the major cause of global warming
10) The first draft of the Human Genome was first published in:
a. 1949
b. 1953
c. 2001
d. 2010
e. Has not yet been accomplished
11) Marine Biotechnology
a. Will cause the collapse of all existing wild fisheries
b. Is the use of salt water as an alternative energy source
c. The use of marine organisms by humans to produce something useful
d. Is the exploitation of fisheries without regulatory quotas
e. Has not yet been accomplished
12) Animal Cloning:
a. Has been accomplished only in sheep
b. And genetic engineering, has been accomplished for several different species
c. Results only in highly mutated offspring
d. Is condemned by the Vatican
e. Has not yet been accomplished
13) Pharmacogenomics:
a. The study of how variations in the DNA sequence of the human genome affect the response to medications and disease predispositions
b. Is controversial because it will predict a person's death
c. Is outlawed in the US and banned from federal support because of its links to abortion rights issues
d. Is the science fiction of DNA forensics
e. Has not yet been accomplished
14) Forensic applications of biotechnology:
a. Involves DNA
b. Has been used to solve crimes in the US
c. Have continued to become more sophisticated
d. Can be extremely accurate and sensitive resulting in expanding DNA databases for convicted felons in the US
e. All of these are correct

Lecture 2:
15) Observation of and wonder at the workings of nature are what initiate “why” and “how” type questions. Science is a system of:
a. Relying on one’s best intuition, inspiration and perspiration to solve problems
b. Advertising as a devious enterprise conceived by entrepreneurial western capitalists to make money from the ideas of inventive and often eccentric minds
c. Making theories that fit certain beliefs about why and how things happen
d. Hypothesis making about the mysteries of life
e. Hypothesis making and testing to discern and validate observable facts generating evidence based knowledge
16) A chemical unit consisting of negatively charged electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus is:
a. An atom
b. A eukaryotic cell
c. A molecule
d. A ribosome
e. A unit
17) Which of the following statements best describes the logic of the scientific method?
a. If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it
b. If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis
c. If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis
d. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results
e. None of these answers are correct
18) Which of the following best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?
a. Theories are hypotheses that have been proven
b. Hypotheses are tentative guesses; theories are correct answers to questions about nature
c. Hypotheses usually are narrow in scope; theories have much broader explanatory power
d. Hypotheses and theories mean essentially the same thing
e. None of these answers are correct
19) The word Theory, is defined as:
1: the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another
2: the general or abstract principles of a body of facts, from science, or study of an art as in <music theory>
3: a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena <the wave theory of light>
Some people say that Evolution is “ ‘just’ a theory”. Used in this way, modified by the word just indicates that these people may be confusing with the word theory with what other word(s):
a. Notion
b. Idea
c. Story
d. Whimsy
e. Any or all of these words
20) Superstitions are:
a. Held by many humans, but not by any non-human species
b. Just one of many possible forms of scientific thinking
c. True beliefs that have yet to be fully understood
d. Irrational beliefs that actions not logically related to a course of events influence its outcome
e. Proof that the scientific method is not perfect
21) Empirical results:
a. Rely on intuition
b.
Are generated by theories
c. Are based on observation
d. Cannot be replicated
e. Must support a tested hypothesis
22) In a well-designed experiment:
a. The prediction will be highly probable if the experiment shows the explanation is correct
b. The prediction will be highly improbable if the experiment
c. The null hypothesis will not be tested
d. The prediction will most likely be correct
e. Both (A) and (B) are correct
23) Which of the following statements is correct?
a. A hypothesis that does not generate a testable prediction is not useful
b. Common sense is usually a good substitute for the scientific method when trying to understand the world
c. The scientific method can be used only to understand scientific phenomena
d. It is not necessary to make observations as part of the scientific method
e. All of the above are correct
24) The placebo effect:
a. Is the frequently observed, poorly understood phenomenon that people tend to respond favorably to any treatment
b. Reveals that sugar pills are generally as effective as actual medications in fighting illness
c. Reveals that experimental treatments cannot be proven effective
d. Demonstrates that most scientific studies cannot be replicated
e. Is an urban
legend
25) In controlled experiments:
a. One variable is manipulated while others are held constant
b. All variables re dependent on each other
c. All variables are held constant
d. All variables are independent of each other
e. All critical variables are manipulated
26) Statistical methods make it possible to:
a. Prove any hypothesis is true
b. Determine how likely it is that certain results have occurred by chance
c. Unambiguously learn the truth
d. Reject any hypothesis
e. Test non-falsifiable hypotheses
27) Anecdotal evidence:
a. Is a more efficient method for understanding the world than the scientific method
b. Tends to be more reliable than data based on observations of large numbers of diverse individuals
c. Is a necessary part of the scientific method
d. Is often the only way to prove important causal links between two phenomena
e. Can seem to reveal links between two phenomena, but the links may not actually exist
28) A relationship between phenomena that has been established based on large amounts of observational and experimental data is referred to as:
a. A theory
b. A fact
c. An assumption
d. A conjecture
e. A hypothesis
29) What is the meaning of the statement “correlation does not imply causation”?
a. Just because two variables vary in a similar pattern does not mean that changing one variable causes a change in the other
b. It is not possible to demonstrate a correlation between two variables
c. When a change in one variable causes a change in another variable, the two variables are not necessarily related to each other in any way
d. It is not possible to prove the cause of any naturally occurring phenomenon
e. Just because two variables vary in a similar pattern does not mean that they have any relationship to each other
30) The Scientific Method is:
a. A method that requires certain laws of nature to be taken on faith
b. Both a method to gain a body of knowledge and an intellectual activity encompassing observation, description, experimentation, and explanation of natural phenomena
c. A process that can be applied only within the scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and physics
d. The only way to understand the natural world and a Higher Power
e. None of the above