Justice as Fairness: Introduction
In a Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that justice is to be understood in terms of fairness. A just society will be a society which is based upon principles. The principles are the best formulation of a social system which is not based upon personal interests or specific moral belief. These two principles are to serve as a framework for the construction and reformation of institutions.
Rawls argues that the two principles of justice are sufficient for a just society. A just society is one institution which protects individual rights and liberties of all citizens and has a pattern of distribution of resources. By examining Rawls theory of justice it will be possible to show that Rawls is giving two theories of justice as fairness. Justice is an attribute of a society and not individuals.
In first part it will deals with three main things first is to discuss Rawls theory of justice as fairness, formal justice which is based upon the discussion of the “original position” which serves as foundation for the theory as a whole. The essential components of the theory of formal justice will be used to show how Rawls theory of justice of fairness is based upon a strong notion of equality.
In second part this will discuss Rawls theory of institution. Rawls theory of institution shows how the principles of justice from the structure are supposed to work in real life situation. Rawls is aware that in real life situation, people are not equal. Rawls theory of institution will show how Rawls addresses the issue of social inequalities.
Formal Justice
In a theory of justice, John Rawls gives a theory where justice is to be considered in terms of fairness. The first part of the work is based upon Rawls notions of formal justice. Formal justice is a formulation of principles of justice which is meant to serve as a foundation for Rawls latter claims. According to Rawls, formal justice can be found in a