Respiratory System - Comparative Anatomy Notes

RESPIRATORY
Wednesday, March 28, 2012 1:57 PM

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Respiration Acquiring oxygen form the environment Respiration is the process of the obtaining oxygen from the external environment and eliminating CO2 Dived into 2 parts: External Respiration Exchange of the environment with the respiratory organ Internal Respiration Exchange of gas between blood and the tissue cells

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Adequate Respiratory Apparatus Large surface area For contact between the environmental medium (water or air) and the blood Thin and Moist Epithelium Barrier Between medium and blood High Vascularized Many blood vessels

Ventilation - Pumping of water in - Pumping of air in lungs Respiratory Devices Adaptations for External Respiration: Primary Organs in Adult Vertebrates are: External and Internal Gills Swim Bladders or Lungs Skin Buccopharyngeal Mucosa Less common respiratory Devices: Filmentous (bushy outgrowths - not hair, just looks like it. Are skin.) of the posterior trunk and thigh (African hairy frog) Lining of Cloaca (Amphibians because of their thin skin) Lining of Esophagus

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• Necturus -> Can breathe through their skin and gills Respiratory Oegans Cutaneous Respiration Respiration through the skin Takes place in air, water, or both Most important among amphibians

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Gills - Passageway for respiratory water - Excretion of Marine Salts Nitrogenous Wastes (Ammonia)
RESPIRATORY Page 1

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Excretion of Marine Salts Nitrogenous Wastes (Ammonia) Carbon Dioxide Types of Gills (Assignment, for adult stage): Pouched Gills Found in lampreys, hagfishes Earlieast form of the gill Septal Gill Sharks Naked gill slits Opercular Gills Teleosts (?) Types of Larval Gills (Assignment, for larval stage) External Gills Outgrowths from the external surface of 1 or more gill arches Found in lung fishes Filamentous Extension of Internal Gills Project through gill slits Occur in early stages of development of elasmobranchs Internal Gills …..