Separation Of Mixture Lab
Experiment 1 Separation of Mixtures
Summary of Principles: Most of the materials we encounter in everyday life are not pure substances. Many materials such as sand are formed from physical combination of various substances, and are called mixtures. Mixtures can be classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous. The purpose of this lab is to learn how to separate individual components from a mixture through decantation, filtration, distillation, and crystallization.
Pre-Lab Questions: Attached
Apparatus and Supplies:
• Electronic balance
• 50 mL beaker
• 100 mL beaker
• 10x75 mm test tubes
• Funnel
• Hot plate
• Glass rod
• Filter paper
• Ring stand
• Ring support
• Watch glass
Chemicals and their properties: Chemical Physical …show more content…
Properties Chemical Properties
…show more content…
Silicon dioxide White, crystalline solid, MP: 1710°C, BP: 2590°C,Density: 2533 kg m-3 Irritant, reacts with water to form silicon hydroxide
Copper (II) sulfate Blue, crystalline granules or powder, odorless, white when dehydrated, solubility in water: 316 g/L, density:
2.284 g/cm3, MP: 30°C and 110°C Reacts with most metals to make copper and a metal sulfate, reacts with iron to make copper and iron (II) sulfate
Calcium carbonate White, odorless, tasteless powder, MP: 825° C, BP: 899° C Reaction enthalpy 178 kJ / mole, react with water that is saturated with carbon dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate
Hydrochloric acid Colorless gas, pungent odor, MP: -114.9 °C, BP: -85.06 °C, density: 1.18 g/cm3, heat of vaporization: 15.1 kJ/mol, VP: -115.5 C Monoprotic, Ka, consists of the non-reactive and non-toxic chloride ion
Iron filings Gray, lustrous powder, insoluble, MP: 1535, BP: 3000, density: 7.86 g/cm3 It has to be absorbed in another form such as a ferric salt.
Procedure: Separation of a Mixture of Sand and Iron
• Place the bar magnet inside a sandwich bag, while holding one end of the magnet, move the other end through the mixture.
Once the iron filings stick to the magnet, lift the magnet with the iron filings and place the end with the filings inside a beaker.
Separation of a Mixture of sand and copper salt
• In a test tube stir 2 g of sand copper and 5ml of water.
• In a hot plate heat up the beaker with the supernatant until water is evaporated.
Separation of a Mixture of sand, calcium, and copper
• In a beaker add 3g of sand, calcium, copper and deionized water and stir until copper dissolves.
• Put a filter paper into a funnel, then pour the mixture into the filtering apparatus letting it drop into a beaker.
• Transfer the solid from the filter paper into a beaker and add 10mL 1 M HCL and stir the mixture until the white solid dissolves.
Safety Precautions: When adding 1 M HCL make sure to wear gloves to protect your hands from the acid.
Observations:
Attached
Results and Discussion:
1. Weight of 50ml beaker + solid = 52.2g
2. Weight of 50ml beaker = 50.3g
3. Weight of solid [(1)-(2)] = 2
4. Weight of solid in the mixture
5. Absolute error [(3)-(4)] =
1.9
6. Relative error [(5)/(4)] = 1.2
Conclusion:
In conclusion the experiment was to separate a set of mixtures which included: sand and iron, sand and copper, sand, copper and calcium. The mixture can be separated into sand and salt through filtration and evaporation. The sand can be separated from the mixture through filtration first dissolving the water into the salt. The mixture of salt water and sand can be then filtered through a funnel fitted with filter paper allowing the liquids though for the sand to stay inside it. The salt can be separated from water through evaporation by heating it above the boiling point. During evaporation the solvent evaporates, leaving solid particles behind. The experiment could have had better and precise results if our group had not made an error in the third part of the experiment. When pouring acid salt mixture into funnel some of the acid crystals stuck to the cup which made it difficult to get all sample out and affected our results.
Post- Lab Questions: Attached
Summary of Principles: Most of the materials we encounter in everyday life are not pure substances. Many materials such as sand are formed from physical combination of various substances, and are called mixtures. Mixtures can be classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous. The purpose of this lab is to learn how to separate individual components from a mixture through decantation, filtration, distillation, and crystallization.
Pre-Lab Questions: Attached
Apparatus and Supplies:
• Electronic balance
• 50 mL beaker
• 100 mL beaker
• 10x75 mm test tubes
• Funnel
• Hot plate
• Glass rod
• Filter paper
• Ring stand
• Ring support
• Watch glass
Chemicals and their properties: Chemical Physical …show more content…
Properties Chemical Properties
…show more content…
Silicon dioxide White, crystalline solid, MP: 1710°C, BP: 2590°C,Density: 2533 kg m-3 Irritant, reacts with water to form silicon hydroxide
Copper (II) sulfate Blue, crystalline granules or powder, odorless, white when dehydrated, solubility in water: 316 g/L, density:
2.284 g/cm3, MP: 30°C and 110°C Reacts with most metals to make copper and a metal sulfate, reacts with iron to make copper and iron (II) sulfate
Calcium carbonate White, odorless, tasteless powder, MP: 825° C, BP: 899° C Reaction enthalpy 178 kJ / mole, react with water that is saturated with carbon dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate
Hydrochloric acid Colorless gas, pungent odor, MP: -114.9 °C, BP: -85.06 °C, density: 1.18 g/cm3, heat of vaporization: 15.1 kJ/mol, VP: -115.5 C Monoprotic, Ka, consists of the non-reactive and non-toxic chloride ion
Iron filings Gray, lustrous powder, insoluble, MP: 1535, BP: 3000, density: 7.86 g/cm3 It has to be absorbed in another form such as a ferric salt.
Procedure: Separation of a Mixture of Sand and Iron
• Place the bar magnet inside a sandwich bag, while holding one end of the magnet, move the other end through the mixture.
Once the iron filings stick to the magnet, lift the magnet with the iron filings and place the end with the filings inside a beaker.
Separation of a Mixture of sand and copper salt
• In a test tube stir 2 g of sand copper and 5ml of water.
• In a hot plate heat up the beaker with the supernatant until water is evaporated.
Separation of a Mixture of sand, calcium, and copper
• In a beaker add 3g of sand, calcium, copper and deionized water and stir until copper dissolves.
• Put a filter paper into a funnel, then pour the mixture into the filtering apparatus letting it drop into a beaker.
• Transfer the solid from the filter paper into a beaker and add 10mL 1 M HCL and stir the mixture until the white solid dissolves.
Safety Precautions: When adding 1 M HCL make sure to wear gloves to protect your hands from the acid.
Observations:
Attached
Results and Discussion:
1. Weight of 50ml beaker + solid = 52.2g
2. Weight of 50ml beaker = 50.3g
3. Weight of solid [(1)-(2)] = 2
4. Weight of solid in the mixture
5. Absolute error [(3)-(4)] =
1.9
6. Relative error [(5)/(4)] = 1.2
Conclusion:
In conclusion the experiment was to separate a set of mixtures which included: sand and iron, sand and copper, sand, copper and calcium. The mixture can be separated into sand and salt through filtration and evaporation. The sand can be separated from the mixture through filtration first dissolving the water into the salt. The mixture of salt water and sand can be then filtered through a funnel fitted with filter paper allowing the liquids though for the sand to stay inside it. The salt can be separated from water through evaporation by heating it above the boiling point. During evaporation the solvent evaporates, leaving solid particles behind. The experiment could have had better and precise results if our group had not made an error in the third part of the experiment. When pouring acid salt mixture into funnel some of the acid crystals stuck to the cup which made it difficult to get all sample out and affected our results.
Post- Lab Questions: Attached