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Actividade Laboratorial 1.1- Amoníaco e compostos de amónio em materiais de uso comum

Resposta às Questões Pós-Laboratoriais:

1. Porque motivo não se deve tocar nos bordos do tubo com o papel vermelho de tornesol? Porque ao preparar a solução, pode ter ficado hidróxido de sódio nos bordos do tubo e assim, se o papel vermelho de tornesol encostar nos bordos pode ficar azul devido aos vestigios do hidróxido de sódio e não devido à presença de NH4+ na solução, o que poderia falsear os resultados.
2. Caso quiséssemos detectar apenas amoníaco (e não o ião amónio), o que teria de ser alterado no procedimentodo teste B? Para detectar apenas o amoníaco bastava aquecer a amostra. Se esta tivesse amoníaco este passava ao estado gasoso sendo assim detectado, não sendo necessário usar o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Por aquecimento, NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
3. Por que motivo não é necessário adicionar hidróxido de sódio no ensaio III, apesar de se pretender determinar o azoto amoniacal? Não é necessário adicionar hidróxido de sódio ao ensaio III porque o reagente de Nessler já detecta a presença do ião amónio e do gás amoníaco na amostra por formação de um precipitado amarelo - acastanhado, que é tanto mais intenso quanto maior for a concentração da solução. A reacção que ocorre é a seguinte: NH3(aq) + 2[HgI4]2-(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → Hg2O(NH2)I(s) + 7I-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
4. Nos ensaios do teste II há sempre mudança de cor, mas tal não significa sempre um resultado positivo. Explique porquê. Porque as soluções são transparentes, e ao se adicionarem soluções coloridas (como a solução de sulfato de cobre II), podem alterar-se a cor das soluções, sem que isso signifique um resultado positivo. Para sabermos se o resultado é ou não positivo temos que ver se as soluções formam ou não um precipitado. Se o precipitado se dissolver, a solução é homogénea e adquire a cor azul-escura, o que significa que contém azoto amoniacal. Se o precipitado

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