The 19th century was the beginning of new ideas and change in Europe. These is around the period where we look at Europe as being modern. Many things were changing including the way people think. By this time Europe had become very self sufficient with the agricultural revolution leading to the industrial revolution creating a food industry where people didn’t have to farm for their own food. This opened time in peoples schedules and some of them sat around thinking. We call these people philosophers and they came up with a whole bunch of neat ideas like natural rights and education. Ideas like these threaten the integrity of government and there was a rise in conflict between people with these philosophical ideas and leaders in government up until the revolutions of 1848 when the people tried overthrowing their governments.
Many of the revolutionaries had common objectives, many to do with monarchies. Most people sought the same things including a constitutional government, to unite national groups, and declare independance (501).The French revolutions were driven by the belief that people should rule themselves. The first revolt was brought on by a great banquet where the bourgeois meet and discussed how to destabilize the monarch of France and change how france governs itself (502-503). These were banquets philosophers and revolutionaries would meet and talk about new ideas and a plan to overthrow the monarchy. The educated bourgeoisie had problems with the economic and political system. They felt left out of the system and like their educated opinions didn’t matter. They realized that the system wasn’t fair and wanted to end the monopolization of power and wealth.
In Austria there were many conflicts over agriculture and land use rights. There were very big conflicts over religion because of how diverse the Empire was. Most conflict arose between catholicism and different confessions. There was a big rise in nationalism