Summary Of Both Klein (2005), And Eva And Normans

The Summary of both Klein (2005), and Eva and Normans (2005) articles: Many factors affect the clinician's cognition and lead to astray the clinician while decision making. Doctors' decision making has high effect on patient's health, thus, their decision making should be at high quality level as possible. In addition, they need to be aware about the pitfalls of their decision to avoid any possible errors from occurrence. Decision making can be so hasty due to the huge number of the patients, short time, or in case of emergency situations. In this situation, the decision making will be aided by heuristic strategies which provide shortcuts and quick decisions. However, it misleads and may let the clinician to be vulnerable to be prey to cognitive
The studies showed that the doctors get cognitive bias due to these reasons; insensitivity to the known probabilities, failure to consider the other options, overconfidence, and availability heuristics. There are some pitfalls can cause cognitive bias as representativeness heuristic, availability heuristics, overconfidence, confirmatory bias, and illusory correlation. The representativeness heuristic is the assumption of that something is similar to other thing in certain category. The simple example of this pitfall is when you generalized the title of the category according to presence to specific member in this category, as you say the engineer's group, meanwhile, it has a good percentage of lawyers. To avoid this kind of bias, it is important to be aware not only about the likelihood of particular event, but also important to know the base rate of the occurrence of this event. When the doctors give weight to particular things which easy to come to their mind because these things are easy to be remembered or recently encountered, this is called availability heuristics. This type of heuristics can guide us
Some use the tip of tongue phenomena where the information in the memory cannot be used. They try hard to remember and use the content of the memory, but they fail. When more mental energy used it may be detrimental. This process is called "blocking". Most of mental activities occur out of conscious awareness because we do not have the access to it. Our behaviors, motivations, and feelings are guided automatically and we do not have the control over them. Klein (2005) evolved that heuristics tend to yield better outcomes than the careful rational processes. In addition, the heuristics with unexpected quality and quantity of errors become naturally extinct quite. Moreover, avoiding these heuristics intentionally can cause serving one patient systemically and carefully which prevent doctors from serving dozen of patients in same time period. However, errors can occur when the doctors rely on the imperfect heuristics. Even when the clinician works without heuristics the errors are possible to occur. When doctors work without using confirmatory bias, they may end non meaningful concept. Thus, in my point of view, bias should not be ignored, the clinician should be aware about the bias especially when the difficulties arise. Finally, constant vigilance to bias